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Nowadays, society is becoming increasingly conscious of the adverse effect of energy use on the environment, contributing to the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing global warming. Because of the substantial contribution of building energy to these concerns, the intention should be not only to improve building energy efficiency but also to promote the use of renewable technologies, especially solar energy. Today building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) and building-integrated solar thermal (BIST) technologies are recognized by building designers as innovative technology for clean energy and greenhouse gas reduction, especially in cities, where multi-story buildings are dominant with limited roof area.
For the Mediterranean area, the high level of solar radiation and plentiful sunny hours make it appropriate for solar system installation, however, the development of solar energy is still limited. Moreover, due to the high population growth rate, lack of local resources, high energy price, and urbanization, one of the priorities in the Mediterranean area is to promote the energy efficiency of the building both on the supply side and demand side.
Therefore, this research aims to investigate the potential of installation of the photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal (ST) technologies in the new multi-family residential building envelope in the Mediterranean area, taking Amman, Jordan, as a case study. The focus of this research is on the typical multi-family residential buildings in Amman, as it is the city where about 50% of the new construction in Jordan is taking place, and the residential buildings are the major consumers of energy and electricity in Jordan. The multi-family buildings also form about 75% of the total housing stock in Jordan. The typical multi-family building studied here is composed of five main floors, contains ten residential apartments; the area of each apartment is 150 m2. It is assumed that the building is located in a common residential urbanized zone in Jordan, with 6 m sides offset and 8 m back offset, assuming that one side is facing the main street, and all the buildings have a maximum allowable height of 15 m. All the architectural parameters related to the multi-family buildings have been defined through analyzing the residential building stock in Jordan.
In order to achieve the research aim, the possibility of reducing the energy demand of the typical multi-family building in Amman, Jordan, through passive and architectural design strategies was firstly investigated. After that, different performance criteria were evaluated, mainly quantitative criteria including energy consumption, energy production, and life cycle assessment (energy, carbon, cost). In addition to the qualitative criteria, including visibility and functionality, the purpose here is to emphasize the substantial function of BIPV systems. Each performance criterion was assessed alone. Then, all the performance criteria results were presented in a decision support matrix, which can be used as a comparison to evaluate and identify the solar system's application of choice, based on the criteria of the user. Moreover, a new energy index was formulated to evaluate the overall annual energy performance of BIPV design in terms of multifunctional effects on building energy.
Different methods were adopted in this research; the qualitative criteria were evaluated based on the literature review analysis, while the quantitative criteria were evaluated by using different simulation software, previous literature review, and spreadsheet calculations.
Literature review analyses were conducted in order to identify the relevant possibilities and the aesthetical solution the market offers, and the multiple benefits for PV and ST integration. The knowledge acquired from this part played a significant role in choosing and designing the proposals of PV and ST installation into the multi-story building envelope. Regarding the simulation studies, different building and energy simulation software was used to simulate and optimize the energy performance of the typical multi-family building in Amman, Jordan, through passive and architectural design strategies, as well as to find out the optimum design of the energy system in terms of energy performance (energy demand of the system, and solar energy fraction), and to investigate the energy-saving potential of PV and ST systems with various designs (tilt angles, azimuth, installed area, etc.). For the building energy simulation, each zone in the building was modeled as a space of its own. The energy demand was calculated on an hourly basis for a period of a whole year. The results from the simulation analysis, related literature and guidelines were adopted to conduct a life cycle assessment through spreadsheet calculation, to determine the long-term performance in terms of energy and carbon emissions, as well as cost considerations, taking into account the current market practice. The cradle-to-grave approach was adapted for the environmental life cycle assessments.
The general conclusion of this research is that installing the PV modules into the multi-family buildings envelope in Amman, Jordan, makes a positive contribution in terms of energy performance, as PV systems can cover up to 97% of the new building electricity demand when they are installed on both the roof and south façade, and up to 43% is covered by installing the PV modules into the south facade. Regarding the environmental life cycle assessment, the results proved the carbon saving potential of all the proposed PV systems, as the energy payback time (EPBT) is between 1.5- 3.5 years and the carbon payback time (CPBT) is between 3.4- 7.8 years. However, for the life cycle cost assessment the result showed that due to high capital cost and low cost of electricity, neither system is currently feasible for investment, as the payback time (PBT) is between 9.0- 16 years. However, with future advances in each system and more efficient designs, the payback periods would become tangible and therefore yield better performances. Lastly, the results were used to derive a decision support matrix aimed at providing a friendly approach to facilitate the implementation of solar building applications.
Die Dissertation untersucht die Berufsbiografie des Bauhausschülers, Architekten und Designers Herbert Hirche im Kontext der Ideen, der Institutionen und des Netzwerkes des Deutschen Werkbundes. Erstmals werden die Bedingungen erforscht, unter denen Hirche sich beruflich entwickelte. Am konkreten Beispiel Hirches wird das Spezifische der Situation nach dem verlorenen Krieg fokussiert: Die Versuche des Werkbundes, an die internationalen Erfolge und die politisch unbelasteten Traditionen der 1920er Jahre anzuknüpfen, dabei die programmatischen, ästhetischen und biografischen Kontinuitäten, die während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus bestanden hatten, weitgehend zu negieren sowie das utopische Potential der Moderne(n) in der Aufbruchsstimmung im Deutschland des Wiederaufbaus und Wirtschaftswunders neu zu beleben. Als Möbel- und Produktdesigner, Ausstellungsgestalter und Propagandist der Guten Form, Designfunktionär und Hochschullehrer prägte Hirche maßgeblich die Entwicklung jenes sachlichen, moralisch konnotierten Designs «Made in (West)-Germany», mit dem die junge Bundesrepublik ihrem forcierten gesellschaftspolitischen Wandel nach 1945 ein neues – modernes – Gesicht gab.
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Cryptologia on 12 Feb 2018.
Abstract:
In his book ‘Noui et singolari modi di cifrare’, Giovan Battista Bellaso presents to his readers three challenge ciphertexts. Two of them are based on a polyalphabetic cipher with a mixed primary reciprocal alphabet and a long key, whereas the third one uses four independent homophonic substitution alphabets which change after each word. A successful approach to solving these ciphers, to which Bellaso gave the name ‘terzo modo’ and ‘quarto modo’, performs a simulated annealing attack directly on the primary alphabet respectively the four homophonic alphabets at once. This paper focusses on the various applied fitness functions. The solutions for the ciphertexts are given and finally discussed, with a view toward the possibility of a hidden message within the plaintexts.
Die zentrale Fragestellung dieser Arbeit ist, welche Impulse der Konzertagent Hermann Wolff (1845-1902) dem Berliner Musikleben im Zeitraum zwischen der Gründung seiner Konzertdirektion 1880 und seinem Tod 1902 gab. Um diese Frage zu beantworten, werden seine Tätigkeit und sein Wirkungskreis untersucht und Umfang, Grad sowie die Natur seines Einflusses ausgewertet. Diese Arbeit weist nach, dass sich der Einfluss seiner Tätigkeit auf das Berliner Musikleben nicht nur in der Quantität der stattgefundenen Konzerte, sondern auch in ihrer künstlerischen Qualität und in ihrem Inhalt (Programmgestaltung, Aufführende, Konzertstätten, Programmhefterstellung usw.) zeigt. Sie legt auch dar, dass er zwischen den damaligen europäischen Musikmetropolen einen Personen- und Informationsaustausch vermittelte und dadurch bei der Entstehung eines Standards im Konzertleben eine wichtige Rolle spielte.
e-Textile Reader
(2020)
Denken ist immer vermittelt, ja ist Vermittlung von Gegenstand und Reflexion selbst. Die Arbeit ist Darstellung und Durchführung dieser Dialektik in der schriftlichen Reflexion ihres Gegenstands, dem »sprechenden Denken«. Wie lässt sich das (Selbst-)Gespräch als Mittel der Erkenntnis begreifen? Wie ist eine experimentelle Kulturwissenschaft am Begriff des Experimentalsystems zu entwickeln? In welchem Zusammenhang müssen Schreiben und Sprechen als je eigene aber wechselseitig vermittelte Formen der Darstellung und Durchführung von Wissenschaft verstanden werden? Das »Sprechende Denken« ist dabei konkreter Versuch einer experimentellen Kulturwissenschaft und Dokumentation der Durchführung des gesprochenen Experiments.
UdK 2030 Zweiter Zukunftstag
(2020)