@book{Rosowski2018, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {Die Bergrechtsreformen Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts in Preußen und der Paradigmenwechsel im staatlichen Arbeitsschutz von Nordrhein-Westfalen nach 1994 im Kontext von Staats- und Verwaltungsmodernisierung}, publisher = {literates Verlag}, address = {Br{\"u}ggen}, isbn = {978-3-943360-51-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8979}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {143 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Bergrechtsreformen Mitte des 19. Jh. in Preußen hatten weitreichende Auswirkungen auf die Bergarbeiterschaft. In Nordrhein-Westfalen wurde 1994 mit dem Wechsel von der Gewerbeaufsicht zur Arbeitsschutzverwaltung ein {\"a}hnlicher Paradigmenwechsel vollzogen. Die Abhandlung untersucht und vergleicht die Auswirkungen dieser Rechts{\"a}nderungen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Mathyl2018, author = {Mathyl, Markus Lorenz}, title = {Entgrenzung neoimperial: Studien zum russischen Nationalismus im 21. Jahrhundert}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8724}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {92 Seiten, 43 verschieden gez{\"a}hlte Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Publikationsbasierte Dissertation zu Entgrenzungsph{\"a}nomenen und -dynamiken eines neoimperialen Nationalismus in Russland zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Jonas2018, author = {Jonas, Katharina}, title = {Zum Verh{\"a}ltnis von Interesse und Lebensweltbezug bei Lernaufgaben im Unterrichtsfach Geschichte}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7745}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {222 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die geschichtsdidaktische wie allgemeindidaktische Theorie postulieren Lebensweltbez{\"u}ge als interessenf{\"o}rderliches Merkmal von Unterricht und Lernaufgaben (Gautschi 2011; Waldis\&Buff 2007; Bergmann 2002; Kleinknecht et al. 2012). In der Studie wird zun{\"a}chst das theoretische Konzept des Lebensweltbezugs im Kontext des historischen Lernens diskutiert und f{\"u}r die Hypothesenpr{\"u}fung operationalisiert. F{\"u}r die empirische Untersuchung der Wirksamkeitsannahmen des Lebensweltbezugs von Geschichtsaufgaben wird das situationale Interesse als zweidimensionales Konstrukt bestehend aus Aufgabeninteressantheit und subjektiver Bedeutsamkeit der Aufgabe (vgl. auch Hidi\&Renninger 2012; Durik\&Harackievicz 2007; Mitchell 1993) konzeptualisiert. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich Merkmale der Aufgabe auf beide Komponenten des situationalen Interesses unterschiedlich auswirken k{\"o}nnen. Zus{\"a}tzlich wird ein Einfluss des individuellen Fachinteresses an Geschichte auf die Aufgabenwahrnehmung angenommen. Eine differenzielle Betrachtung des Interesses (Fachinteresse und situationales Interesse) f{\"u}r das Fach Geschichte stellt bislang ein Desiderat dar. Sowohl auf Aufgaben- wie auch auf Individualebene liegen hierzu nur wenige Befunde f{\"u}r das historische Lernen vor (Bracke et al. 2014). Ebenso l{\"a}sst sich die interessenf{\"o}rderliche Wirkung des Lebensweltbezugs f{\"u}r Geschichte bislang nur unzureichend empirisch belegen. F{\"u}r die Studie wurden insgesamt 34 Aufgaben zu drei Themengebieten des Geschichtsunterrichts der 9. Jahrgangsstufe inhaltsanalytisch hinsichtlich ihres Lebensweltbezugs untersucht sowie 801 Sch{\"u}ler/innen bayerischer Realschulen hinsichtlich der wahrgenommenen Interessantheit und Bedeutsamkeit der Aufgaben befragt. Die Wirkung des jeweiligen Lebensweltbezugs sowie des individuellen Fachinteresses auf die wahrgenommene subjektive Bedeutsamkeit und Interessantheit der Aufgaben wurde mittels Cross-Classified Mulitlevel Analysen mit dem Statistikprogramm MPlus (Muth{\´e}n und Muth{\´e}n 2012) {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Die Analysen zeigten, dass grunds{\"a}tzlich das bereits bestehende Fachinteresses Geschichte eines Menschen die wahrgenommene Interessantheit und Bedeutsamkeit der Aufgabe pr{\"a}diziert, unabh{\"a}ngig von den Merkmalen der Aufgabe. Die differenzielle Wirkung von Aufgabenmerkmalen auf die beiden Komponenten des situationalen Interesses kann den Ergebnissen gem{\"a}ß best{\"a}tigt werden. Insgesamt gesehen wirkt der Lebensweltbezug einer Aufgabe insbesondere auf die subjektive Bedeutsamkeit und nicht auf die Aufgabeninteressantheit. Es wird diskutiert, dass das Fachinteresse an Geschichte als Pr{\"a}diktorvariable eine wichtige Einflussgr{\"o}ße auf die Aufgabenwahrnehmung darstellt. Zugleich ist das situationale Interesse, das beim Lernen geweckt wird, eine wichtige Voraussetzung daf{\"u}r, dass sich dauerhaft ein stabiles individuelles Fachinteresse ausbilden kann (Ferdinand 2014). In der geschichtsdidaktischen Forschung wurde den motivationalen Bedingungen des historischen Lernens insgesamt bislang nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit beigemessen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie legen nahe, dass eine intensivere Erforschung einer interessenf{\"o}rderlicher Unterrichts- und Aufgabengestaltung, die sowohl die situationale Interessantheit als auch die subjektive Bedeutsamkeit anregt, einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Erweiterung des empirischen Forschungsfeldes in der Geschichtsdidaktik leisten kann.}, subject = {Geschichtsunterricht}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BergerReiser2018, author = {Berger, Christian and Reiser, Hans P.}, title = {Scaling Byzantine Consensus: A Broad Analysis}, series = {SERIAL'18 Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers}, booktitle = {SERIAL'18 Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, isbn = {978-1-4503-6110-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7526}, pages = {6 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Blockchains and distributed ledger technology (DLT) that rely on Proof-of-Work (PoW) typically show limited performance. Several recent approaches incorporate Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols in their DLT design as Byzantine consensus allows for increased performance and energy efficiency, as well as it offers proven liveness and safety properties. While there has been a broad variety of research on BFT consensus protocols over the last decades, those protocols were originally not intended to scale for a large number of nodes. Thus, the quest for scalable BFT consensus was initiated with the emerging research interest in DLT. In this paper, we first provide a broad analysis of various optimization techniques and approaches used in recent protocols to scale Byzantine consensus for large environments such as BFT blockchain infrastructures. We then present an overview of both efforts and assumptions made by existing protocols and compare their solutions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Awwad2018, author = {Awwad, Tarek}, title = {Context-Aware Worker Selection For Efficient Quality Control In Crowdsourcing}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7409}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {106 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In the last decade, crowdsourcing has proved its ability to address large scale data collection tasks, such as labeling large data sets, at a low cost and in a short time. However, the performance and behavior variability between workers as well as the variability in task designs and contents, induce an unevenness in the quality of the produced contributions and, thus, in the final output quality. In order to maintain the effectiveness of crowdsourcing, it is crucial to control the quality of the contributions. Furthermore, maintaining the efficiency of crowdsourcing requires the time and cost overhead related to the quality control to be at its lowest. While effective, current quality control techniques such as contribution aggregation, worker selection, context-specific reputation systems, and multi-step workflows, suffer from fairly high time and budget overheads and from their dependency on prior knowledge about individual workers. In this thesis, we address this challenge by leveraging the similarity between completed and incoming tasks as well as the correlation between the worker declarative profiles and their performance in previous tasks in order to perform an efficient task-aware worker selection. To this end, we propose CAWS (Context AwareWorker Selection) method which operates in two phases; in an offline phase, completed tasks are clustered into homogeneous groups for each of which the correlation with the workers declarative profile is learned. Then, in the online phase, incoming tasks are matched to one of the existing clusters and the correspondent, previously inferred profile model is used to select the most reliable online workers for the given task. Using declarative profiles helps eliminate any probing process, which reduces the time and the budget while maintaining the crowdsourcing quality. Furthermore, the set of completed tasks, when compared to a probing task split, provides a larger corpus from which a more precise profile model can be learned. This translates to a better selection quality, especially for harder tasks. In order to evaluate CAWS, we introduce CrowdED (Crowdsourcing Evaluation Dataset), a rich dataset to evaluate quality control methods and quality-driven task vectorization and clustering. The generation of CrowdED relies on a constrained sampling approach that allows to produce a task corpus which respects both, the budget and type constraints. Beside helping in evaluating CAWS, and through its generality and richness, CrowdED helps in plugging the benchmarking gap present in the crowdsourcing quality control community. Using CrowdED, we evaluate the performance of CAWS in terms of the quality of the worker selection and in terms of the achieved time and budget reduction. Results shows the following: first, automatic grouping is able to achieve a learning quality similar to job-based grouping. And second, CAWS is able to outperform the state-of-the-art profile-based worker selection when it comes to quality. This is especially true when strong budget and time constraints are present on the requester side. Finally, we complement our work by a software contribution consisting of an open source framework called CREX (CReate Enrich eXtend). CREX allows the creation, the extension and the enrichment of crowdsourcing datasets. It provides the tools to vectorize, cluster and sample a task corpus to produce constrained task sets and to automatically generate custom crowdsourcing campaign sites.}, subject = {Qualit{\"a}tssicherung}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-671, title = {\#WirSindMehrThemen}, volume = {6 (2018)}, number = {1}, organization = {Hochschulgruppe PJS - Passauer Journal f{\"u}r Sozialwissenschaften}, issn = {2195-0717}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-6719}, pages = {49 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Der \#wirsindmehr steht f{\"u}r die Bef{\"u}rwortung einer pluralistischen Gesellschaft. Nicht nur Gesellschaften, sondern auch sozialwissenschaftliche Themen profitieren von Vielfalt. Um die große Bandbreite dieser Themen wertzusch{\"a}tzen, tr{\"a}gt diese Ausgabe den Titel „\#WirSindMehrThemen". Rebecca Gramlich befasst sich anhand des Theaterst{\"u}cks „Mi Piedra Rosetta" von J.R. Fern{\´a}ndez mit der Frage, wie das Konzept „Aestethics of Acces" einen Zugang f{\"u}r Geh{\"o}rlose zum Theater darstellt. Die Frage „Was ist Geld?" beantwortet Simon Rettenmaier mit Hilfe zweier Geldtheorien von Marcel Mauss und Christoph T{\"u}rcke. Lena Keicher widmet sich in Ihrer Arbeit der neuen Identit{\"a}tskonstruktion der T{\"u}rkei und untersucht die Auswirkungen derer auf die Bezeigungen zur EU. Inhalt: Rebecca Gramlich AESTHETICS OF ACCESS Taubheit in J.R. Fern{\´a}ndez' Mi Piedra Rosetta Simon Rettenmaier WAS IST GELD? Zwei Theorien zu einer Frage Lena Keicher TURKEY IS STANDING ON ITS OWN FEET NOW Wie die neue Identit{\"a}tskonstruktion der T{\"u}rkei unter der AKP die Beziehung zur EU beeinflusst}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Berndl2018, author = {Berndl, Emanuel}, title = {Embedding a Multimedia Metadata Model into a Workflow-driven Environment Using Idiomatic Semantic Web Technologies}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-6708}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xix, 301 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The Semantic Web exists for about 20 years by now, but its applicability as well as its presence does not live up to the standards of its original idea. Incorporated Semantic Web Technologies do have an initial barrier to learn and apply, which can discourage many potential users. This leads to less available data overall in addition to decreased data quality. This work solves parts of the aforementioned problem by supporting idiomatic entry to those Semantic Web Technologies, allowing for "easier" accessibility and usability. Anno4j is a Java library that implements a form of Object-Relational Mapping for RDF data. With its application, RDF data can be created via a mapping by simply instantiating Java objects - an object-oriented programming concept the user is familiar with. On the other side, requesting persisted data is supported by a path-based querying possibility, while other features like transactional behaviour, code generation, and automated validation of input contribute to a more effective, comprehensive, and straightforward usage. A use-case is provided by the MICO Platform, a centralized software instance that connects autonomous multimedia extractors in a workflow-driven fashion. This leads to a rich metadata background for the inserted multimedia files, enabling them to be used in diverse scenarios as well as unlocking yet hidden semantics. For this task it was necessary to design and implement a metadata model that is able to aggregate and merge the varying extractor results under a common denominator: the MICO Metadata Model. The results of this work allow the use case to incorporate idiomatic Semantic Web Technologies which are then usable natively by non-Semantic Web experts. Additionally, an increase has been achieved in forms of data integration, synchronisation, integrity and validity, as well as an overall more comprehensive and rich implementation of the multimedia extractors.}, subject = {Multimedia}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ParraRodriguezPosegga2018, author = {Parra Rodriguez, Juan D. and Posegga, Joachim}, title = {Local Storage on Steroids: Abusing Web Browsers for Hidden Content Storage and Distribution}, series = {International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Systems}, booktitle = {International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Systems}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-01704-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-01704-0_19}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-6572}, pages = {20 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Analysing security assumptions taken for the WebRTC and postMessage APIs led us to find a novel attack abusing the browsers' persistent storage capabilities. The presented attack can be executed without the website's visitor knowledge, and it requires neither browser vulnerabilities nor additional software on the browser's side. To exemplify this, we study how can an attacker use browsers to create a network for persistent storage and distribution of arbitrary data. In our proof of concept, the total storage of the network, and therefore the space used within each browser, grows linearly with the number of origins delivering the malicious JavaScript code. Further, data transfers between browsers are not restricted by the Same Origin Policy, which allows for a unified cross-origin browser network, regardless of the origin from which the script executing the functionality is loaded from. In the course of our work, we assess the feasibility of a real-life deployment of the network by running experiments using Linux containers and browser automation tools. Moreover, we show how security mechanisms against third-party tracking, cross-site scripting and click-jacking can diminish the attack's impact, or even prevent it.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ParraRodriguezPosegga2018, author = {Parra Rodriguez, Juan D. and Posegga, Joachim}, title = {RAPID: Resource and API-Based Detection Against In-Browser Miners}, series = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, isbn = {978-1-4503-6569-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-6550}, pages = {[14] Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Direct access to the system's resources such as the GPU, persistent storage and networking has enabled in-browser crypto-mining. Thus, there has been a massive response by rogue actors who abuse browsers for mining without the user's consent. This trend has grown steadily for the last months until this practice, i.e., CryptoJacking, has been acknowledged as the number one security threat by several antivirus companies. Considering this, and the fact that these attacks do not behave as JavaScript malware or other Web attacks, we propose and evaluate several approaches to detect in-browser mining. To this end, we collect information from the top 330.500 Alexa sites. Mainly, we used real-life browsers to visit sites while monitoring resource-related API calls and the browser's resource consumption, e.g., CPU. Our detection mechanisms are based on dynamic monitoring, so they are resistant to JavaScript obfuscation. Furthermore, our detection techniques can generalize well and classify previously unseen samples with up to 99.99\\% precision and recall for the benign class and up to 96\\% precision and recall for the mining class. These results demonstrate the applicability of detection mechanisms as a server-side approach, e.g., to support the enhancement of existing blacklists. Last but not least, we evaluated the feasibility of deploying prototypical implementations of some detection mechanisms directly on the browser. Specifically, we measured the impact of in-browser API monitoring on page-loading time and performed micro-benchmarks for the execution of some classifiers directly within the browser. In this regard, we ascertain that, even though there are engineering challenges to overcome, it is feasible and beneficial for users to bring the mining detection to the browser.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lohmann2018, author = {Lohmann, Jan Robert}, title = {Simulations Matter - Wirkungsweisen und Mehrwert von Politiksimulationen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-6367}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {24 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Dieser Aufsatz stellt den rahmenden Teil einer kumulativen Dissertation dar, welche an der Universit{\"a}t Passau angenommen wurde. In der Dissertation wird der Mehrwert sowie die Wirkungsweisen von Politiksimulationen untersucht. Die Dissertation verortet sich in den beiden Feldern Politikwissenschaft sowie Politische Bildung, da nachgewiesen werden konnte, das Simulationen in beiden Feldern eine Wirkungsweise entfalten k{\"o}nnen. Zus{\"a}tzlich zu diesem rahmenden Teil werden die Details der drei vorgestellten Forschungsprojekte in mehreren Einzelpublikationen intensiv behandelt, welche an den angegebenen Orten zu finden sind.}, language = {de} }