TY - CHAP A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Climate Change Impacts on the Growth of Hybrid Poplar Trees in an Agroforestry System in Brandenburg, NE Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - Climate change is expected in Brandenburg, eastern Germany, in terms of increasing annual temperature and changes in climate variability, as well as the number of extreme weather events. Since agroforestry systems have a planning horizon of several decades, long-term yield assessments are required in order to evaluate the economic profitability and environmental sustainability of such systems. Accordingly, our aim was to simulate the tree growth of poplar trees (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii) in an agroforestry system in Brandenburg for the next forty years. For this purpose, we used the process-oriented Yield-SAFE model, a parameter-sparse, biophysical model developed for the simulation of plant growth in agroforestry systems. For the investigated period from 2011 to 2014, the validation simulations showed clear correlations with the observed values for woody tree biomass. For the unfolding period from 2015 to 2055, a variety of possible climate changes (including higher evaporation requirements and reduced water availability) and their uncertainties were incorporated into our assessment. The tree yield sensitivity to future climatic conditions was evaluated using 100 realizations of a scenario of the statistical regional climate model Statistical Analogue Resampling Scheme (STAR), which assumes an increase in annual temperature of 2K, as well as decreasing annual precipitation by 30–40 mm. The Yield-SAFE model responded sensitively to changes in the meteorological input data, showing that (1) shifts in temperature and/or precipitation would have a directly proportional influence on tree growth and (2) the impact of potential climate changes on tree growth must be assessed in terms of the complex interaction of various influencing factors. This was evidenced, for example, by the fact that higher average annual temperatures could either increase the tree growth due to a prolonged vegetation period or, on the contrary, decrease the tree growth due to higher potential evapotranspiration. The model results are important for the sustainable planning and management of agroforestry systems, upcoming risk assessments, and example analysis of adaptation scenarios in the near and distant future. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-13178.pdf N1 - EGU2018-13178 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Swieter, Anita A1 - Langhof, Maren T1 - Benefits of agroforestry systems for land equivalent ratio - case studies in Brandenburg and Lower Saxony, Germany T2 - Proceedings of the 4th European Agroforestry Conference Agroforestry as Sustainable Land Use 28-30 May 2018, Nijmegen, The Netherlands N2 - Transitioning towards agroforestry demands systematic productivity assessments of such systems under different climatic and edaphic conditions. In this regard, the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) serves as a valuable productivity indicator of agroforestry since it evaluates yields from growing trees and crops together in comparison to yields from monocultures over the same period. Consequently, our objective was to evaluate the overall productivity of two agroforestry systems in Forst (Brandenburg) and Wendhausen (Lower Saxony) by means of LER. Our approach followed two assumptions: (i) the yields of trees and crops had equal economic importance and (ii) the economic importance was given solely by the annual crop, the yield of trees representing a supplementary profit. The resulted values for LER were consistently above their specific threshold, corroborating the greater efficiency of agroforestry systems rather than monoculture. Additionally, this study highlighted the importance of choosing the appropriate assumptions when calculating the LER. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.repository.utl.pt/bitstream/10400.5/15589/1/REP-CEF-EURAF-conference_book.pdf SN - 978-84-09-02384-4 SP - 26 EP - 29 PB - University of Santiago de Compostela CY - Santiago de Compostela ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dimitrova, Tsvetelina A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Remediation of cyanide-contaminated industrial sites through woody biomass production T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23–28 April 2017 N2 - Due to the unfavourable chemical and physical soil quality parameters and the potential presence of contaminants, former industrial sites can hardly be utilized as arable land and can thus be classified as marginal areas. Still, as far as possible, they can effectively be used for the production of alternative energy, including the cultivation of fast growing trees. Apart from being a source of bioenergy, trees might facilitate the stabilization, remedation, contaminant extraction and degradation and, not on the last place, to enhance soil quality improvement on former industrial areas. This process is known as phytoremediation and has successfully been applied on industrial sites of various organic and inorganic contamination. The former manufactured gas plant site (� 2500 m2) “ehemalige Leuchtgasanstalt” Cottbus, contaminated, among others, with iron cyanides undergoes phytoremediation with simultaneous biomass production since 2011. The project “Biomass-Remediation” is fully financed by the German Railways JSC. A dense (23700 stems/ha), mixed cover of willow (Salix caprea), poplar (Populus maximowicii Henry x Populus trichocarpa Torr. et Gray (Hybrid 275)) and black locust (Robinia pseudoaccacia) trees has been planted on the site. Throughout the five years of remediation, a successful long-term stabilization of the site has been achieved as a result of the nearly outright established tree stock and the dense planting. Annual monitoring of the cyanide levels in the leaf tissue of the trees on the site and results from greenhouse experiments indicate the ability of all tree species to extract and transport the cyanide from the soil. Additonally, the greenhouse experiments suggest that the willows might be able, although not to a full extent, to detoxify the contaminant by splitting the CN moiety. The contaminated biomass material might easily be dealt with through regular harvests and subsequent incineration. Phytoremediation with simultaneous biomass production for bioenergy offers an environmenatlly-friendly and a cost-effective solution of the problem with contaminated former industrial areas in the context of marginal land use options. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6409.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6409 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Optimisation of biomass productivity of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) on marginal lands - a case study in Lower Lusatia, NE Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23–28 April 2017 N2 - The profitability of reclaiming post-mining areas depends on the tree biomass productivity and the restoration of ecosystem functions, such as improving soil and water quality. Agroforestry systems, regarded as combined land-use systems of trees and crops, have the ability to facilitate soil development while reducing wind speed, soil erosion and evaporation. Achieving the maximum biomass productivity of the tree stands depends on the corresponding soil conditions and water availability, but is also influenced by stand structure and the competition between individual trees. For this purpose, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) trees were planted in a Nelder design in 2010, on a reclaimed post-mining site of the open-cast lignite mining in Welzow Süd (Brandenburg, Germany). Black locust is regarded as a drought-adapted tree species and commonly used for the reclamation of former lignite mining sites in Lower Lusatia, Germany. The Nelder design encompasses angles of arc of equal measure and with the same origin traversed by successive circumferences set at a predefined radial distance. Accordingly, a total of 1071 trees were planted in Welzow Süd at the intersection between 63 spokes and 17 circumferences and at densities ranging from 0.4 to 8.0 m2, with the aim of examining the influence of stand density on the tree growth in a timeframe of six years. In order to evaluate the biomass production of the trees and to determine an optimal planting density on a marginal land, various scenarios were assessed with the help of the Yield-SAFE model, a parameter-sparse process-based agroforestry model. The study revealed the consequences of choosing different tree densities on the tree biomass productivity and water use of trees in relation to the competition for light and water. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-15488-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-15488-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Böden marginaler Standorte - eigenschaften, Limitierungen und Potentiale T2 - Abstracts der DBG Jahrestagung 2017, 02.-07. Sept. 2017, Göttingen N2 - Eine zunehmende Knappheit ackerbaulicher Standorte und der zugleich steigende Bedarf an nachwachsenden Rohstoffen für die energetische und stoffliche Nutzung lösen verstärkt Konflikte zwischen der Nahrungsmittelproduktion und der Biomasseproduktion aus. Marginale Standorte kommen entsprechend immer stärker in den Blickpunkt als mögliche Erweiterungsflächen für die Biomasseproduktion. In der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung fehlt allerdings eine eindeutige Definition für derartige marginale Standorte. Gerade im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Reduzierung von Nutzungskonflikten ist die Abgrenzung zu stillgelegten, aber agrarisch nutzbaren Standorten oder zu natürlichen Badlands, mit naturschutzfachlichen Potentialen oftmals schwierig. Das EU H2020-Projekt SEEMLA untersucht Potentiale und Verfügbarkeit von marginalen Standorten europaweit. In Deutschland, Griechenland und der Ukraine wurden Pilotstandorte eingerichtet, auf denen der Anbau von Bioenergiepflanzen exemplarisch durchgeführt wird. Für eine erste Bewertung der Standortspotentiale und auch der Ursachen der Marginalität der Standorte wurden Bodenuntersuchungen an allen Pilotstandorten nach den Vorgaben des Muencheberger Soil Quality Rating-Verfahrens (SQR) (1) durchgeführt und die Standorte klassifiziert. Das SQR-Verfahren bewertet ausgewählte Boden- und Standortseigenschaften und bezieht zusätzlich mögliche limitierende Faktoren (Hazard Indicators) wie Versauerung, Versalzung, Vernässung etc. mit ein, um eine Gesamtbewertungszahl zur Bodenfruchtbarkeit zu ermitteln. Dieser Beitrag stellt anhand der SEEMLA-Standorte exemplarisch Böden marginaler Standorte vor. Mit Hilfe der SQR Hazard Indicators werden charakteristische limitierende Faktoren vorgestellt. Es wird zudem versucht, die untersuchten Standorte in eine mögliche Klassifikation marginaler Standorte einzupassen und ihre Eignung für die Biomasseproduktion einzuschätzen. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://dbg17.abstract-dialog.de/search/abstract_detail.php?aId=51 SP - V49 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Quinkenstein, Ansgar A1 - Tsonkova, Penka A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Dagar, Jagdish Chander ED - Tewari, Vindhya Prasad T1 - Alley Cropping with Short Rotation Coppices in the Temperate Region: A Land-use Strategy for Optimizing Microclimate, Soil Organic Carbon and Ecosystem Service Provision of Agricultural Landscapes T2 - Agroforestry : anecdotal to modern science Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-981-10-7649-7 SN - 978-981-10-7650-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7650-3_10 SP - 263 EP - 297 PB - Springer Nature Singapore CY - Singapore ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Variabilität der holzigen Biomasseproduktion von Pappel und Robinie als Folge des Klimawandels in einem Alley-Cropping System in der Lausitz T2 - 1. Erfurter Tagung "Schnellwachsende Baumarten - Etablierung, Management und Verwertung", vom 16.11.-17.11.2017 Y1 - 2017 N1 - ISSN 2567-8922 SP - 88 EP - 89 PB - Fachhochschule Erfurt CY - Erfurt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Medinski, Tanya V. A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Böhm, Christian ED - Palma, Joao H. N. T1 - Soil respiration in alley-cropping system composed of black locust and poplar trees, Germany T2 - 2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany N2 - Understanding of soil carbon dynamics after establishment of alley-cropping systems is crucial for mitigation of greenhouse gas CO2. This study investigates soil CO2 flux in an alley-cropping system composed of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and poplar (Max 1) tree strips and adjacent to them crop strips (Lupinus/ Solarigol). Soil CO2 flux was measured monthly over the March – November 2012 period, using a LI-COR LI-8100A automated device. Simultaneously with CO2 flux measurements, soil and air temperature, soil moisture, microbial C and hot water-extractable carbon (HWC) were determined for soils collected nearby each measurement collar. Root biomass was measured to a depth of 15 cm. In all sampling areas, soil CO2 flux increased from May to July, showing a significant positive correlation with air and soil temperature, which can be a reflection of increase in photosynthetic activity over the warm summer months. The relationships between soil moisture and CO2 flux showed positive correlation only for the warm period (May - October), indicating enhancing role of soil moisture on microbial mineralization and root respiration. CO2 flux values varied between sampling areas at different vegetation periods, with significantly higher values in trees over the summer. This could be attributed to the higher photosynthetic activity and higher root density in trees coppices compared to crops. In autumn, after seeding catch crop mix Solarigol, CO2 flux was significantly higher in crops compared to trees, which could be related to soil tillage prior to seeding of crops, as well as to the higher photosynthetic activity of newly seeded crops at the period of rapid plant growth. Despite a seasonal variation in CO2 flux between sampling areas, aaverage CO2 flux values observed over March – November period did not differ significantly between sampling areas, showing 2.5, 3.2, and 2.9 μmol m-2 s-1 values for black locust, poplar and crops, respectively. A greater C loss with soil respiration under trees in summer period may be compensated by greater C assimilation and storage in woody biomass, and the greater respiration from crop strips after tillage in autumn. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.repository.utl.pt/handle/10400.5/6764 SN - 978-972-97874-4-7 SP - 253 EP - 254 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Palma, Joao H. N. T1 - Impact of black locust hedgerows on wind velocity and wind erosion in Eastern Germany T2 - 2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany N2 - The production of energy wood on arable land increased in Germany during the last years. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a suitable tree species in order to ensure substantial woody biomass yields on agricultural sites in eastern Germany. Arranged in hedge structures (alley cropping) positive effects on wind velocity and hence on soil erosion can be expected for the whole agricultural production area. Results of field measurements carried out in several alley cropping sites located in eastern Germany show that wind velocity can be reduced by more than 50 %, even though tree hedgerows were not higher than four meters. Here, the reduction of wind speed was dependent on the distance to woody crops, the width of the crop alleys and the orientation of hedgerows. As a result of wind speeds reduction the potential of soil erosion by wind decreases considerably. The risk of wind erosion is even nearly negligible for 24 m wide or smaller crop alleys. The establishment of short rotation hedgerows could contribute to an enhanced protection against wind erosion and thus to an ecological and possible long-term economic appreciation of agricultural sites. Aside from erosion control, further advantages such as a lower evaporation rate, and thus a crop yield increase, may be connected to the establishment of such agroforestry systems. Against the background of the increasing demand for woody biomass for bioenergy, the cultivation of fast growing trees on agricultural sites can furthermore result in an additional incomefor farmers. This is a prerequisite for the spread of this kind of agroforestry in Germany, because a comparable large share of an unprotected field has to be planted with trees in order to ensure an efficient windbreak. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.repository.utl.pt/handle/10400.5/6764 SN - 978-972-97874-4-7 SP - 267 EP - 268 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Pekrun, C. ED - Wachendorf, Magnus ED - Francke-Weltmann, L. T1 - Nährstoffgehalte und Erträge von Kartoffeln in Abhängigkeit zur Entfernung vom Gehölzstreifen in einem Agroforstsystem T2 - Tagung der Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften e.V. mit der Max-Eyth-Gesellschaft Agrartechnik VDI-MEG, 16.-18. September 2014, Wien, Technik in der Pflanzenproduktion N2 - Die Agroforstwirtschaft, also die kombinierte Nutzung von Bäumen und Feldfrüchten auf einer landwirtschaftlichen Fläche, gewinnt vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Holznachfrage sowie diverser ökologischer Vorteilswirkungen auch in Deutschland zunehmend an Bedeutung. Verglichen mit den bereits bekannten Umweltleistungen, wie etwa einer erhöhten Biodiversität sowie dem Schutz vor Winderosion, ist der potenzielle Einfluss der Gehölzstreifen auf das Wachstum bzw. die Nährstoffversorgung von angrenzenden Feldfrüchten in Agroforstsystemen noch weitestgehend ungeklärt. Zur Quantifizierung dieser möglichen Interaktion wurden im Jahr 2013 auf einem etwa 40 ha großen Agroforst-Versuchsstandort nahe der Stadt Forst (Lausitz) umfangreiche Nährstoff- und Ertragsuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Y1 - 2014 SP - 264 EP - 265 PB - Verlag Halm CY - Göttingen ER -