TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Quick detection and quantification of iron-cyanide complexes using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy T2 - Environmental Pollution N2 - The continuous release of persistent iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes from various industrial sources poses a high hazard to the environment and indicates the necessity to analyze a considerable amount of samples. Conventional flow injection analysis (FIA) is a time and cost consuming method for cyanide (CN) determination. Thus, a rapid and economic alternative needs to be developed to quantify the Fe-CN complexes. 52 soil samples were collected at a former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site in order to determine the feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Soil analysis revealed CN concentrations in a range from 8 to 14.809 mg kg⁻¹, where 97% was in the solid form (Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃), which is characterized by a single symmetrical CN band in the range 2092-2084 cm-1. The partial least squares (PLS) calibration-validation model revealed IR response to CNtot which exceeds 2306 mg kg⁻¹(limit of detection, LOD). Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) was performed on soil samples, which contained low CNtot (<900 mg kg⁻¹). This improved the sensitivity of the model by reducing the LOD to 154 mg kg⁻¹. Finally, the LOO-CV conducted on the samples with CNtot > 900 mg kg⁻¹ resulted in LOD equal to 3751 mg kg⁻¹. It was found that FTIR spectroscopy provides the information concerning different CN species in the soil samples. Additionally, it is suitable for quantifying Fe-CN species in matrixes with CNtot > 154 mg kg⁻¹. Thus, FTIR spectroscopy, in combination with the statistical approach applied here seems to be a feasible and quick method for screening of contaminated sites. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.052 SN - 0269-7491 VL - 227 SP - 64 EP - 72 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Retardation of iron-cyanide complexes in soils of a former Manufactured Gas Plant site T2 - Book of abstracts, XII International Congress of Young Chemists, YoungChem2014, Szczecin, Poland 8th-12th October 2014 Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-83-61037-28-6 SP - S. 44 CY - Warsaw ER - TY - GEN A1 - Klos, Friederike A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Innovative Drone-based Hyperspectral Detection of Heavy Metals (Ni, Zn, and Cu) in Plants cultivated for Phytomining T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4–8 May 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9370 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jonczak, Jerzy A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Polláková, Nora A1 - Parzych, Agnieszka A1 - Šimanský, Vladimír A1 - Donovan, Sally A1 - Medinski, Tetiana T1 - Comparison of bioaccumulation potential of eleven pine species in low polluted ecosystem T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4–8 May 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8746 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Wilkinson, Daniel A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Geschke, Antonia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Microplastics and earthworms in soils: A case study on translocation, toxicity and fate T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7430 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Grimm, Mark T1 - Using modified Tessier sequential extraction to specify potentially toxic metals at a former sewage farm T2 - Journal of Environmental Management Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114229 SN - 1095-8630 SN - 0301-4797 VL - 304 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Feilhauer, Hannes A1 - Chabrillat, Sabine T1 - Estimating heavy metal concentrations in Technosols with reflectance spectroscopy T2 - Geoderma Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115512 SN - 0016-7061 VL - 406 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Heinrich, Martina T1 - Integrated analysis of Multifunctional Fruit production landscapes to promote ecosystem services and sustainable land-use under climate change (MultiFruit): Approaches and first results of soil sampling campaign T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 N2 - Beginning in 2020 the research of the MultiFruit cluster seeks to optimize food production and the provision of ecosystem services in multifunctional landscapes. Joining agricultural production with the provision of ecosystem services and the preservation of biological diversity, the outcomes of this project aim to provide comprehensive findings to farmers, and the agricultural community as a whole, that are also applicable in the face of climate change. Active apple orchards located in greater Brandenburg, Germany of both organic and conventional management practices have been selected as the sites of research. The present state of organic apple orchards in Germany can best be described as organic “conventionalization”; high yielding orchards with little to no plant diversity, with the major differences being the substitution of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides with organic alternatives certified by the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit). The project implements an interdisciplinary approach, with researchers of ecology, economics, soil and microbial sciences. The ecological subproject is investigating how local management measures and the surrounding landscapes affect natural pest control by beneficial insects. The soil group are investigating the toxicological and soil health impacts of conventional and organic practices through analysis of both plant and soil material collected from the orchards. Microbial studies seek to provide information on the microorganisms that promote the growth, health, and performance of fruit trees. The economic studies aim to assess the costs and benefits of management measures and resulting pest control services for fruit growers and society as a whole. The overall expected outcome of this cluster is to maximize ecosystem services provided by the orchards while optimizing yield and maintaining soil and orchard health. Here we show the preliminary results of the 2021 field campaign related to the soil group. The processed plant and soil material was analyzed at our laboratory and total elemental concentration of all constituents was determined using Microwave assisted MP-AES for select metals and cations (Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, K). These results, in conjunction with measured soil properties (pH, EC, Scheibler carbonate measurement, Total N, Total C) aid in the effort to determine the effects of the various management practices on the soil health and the mobility and translocation of metals and cations within the plant tissues. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-12714 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Brassica juncea as a Feasible Hyperaccumulator of Chosen Potentially Toxic Metals Under Extreme Environmental Conditions T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00528-8 SN - 1735-6865 VL - 17 IS - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Baig, Sawdha A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Soil nitrogen pool and its fractions in German apple orchards under organic vs conventional management T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 N2 - Agriculture is a massive production with intensive practices, like large variety of agro-chemicals, heavy machinery etc., that support food security. However, recently more and more attention is given to food safety in relation to human, environment and soil health. An alternative strategy is organic agriculture that avoids the use of synthetic chemicals and maintain the sustainable food production. But organic farming cannot completely support the worlds foods demand, so adaptation is needed to reach a sustainable productivity while protecting the environment. Soil nitrogen (N) pool consists of inorganic and organic fractions. Inorganic and a part of labile organic N is a primary nutrient source for plants and microbes. Different nitrogen fractions play various roles in soil ecosystems and can be strongly influenced by the site management. Soil nitrogen transformations are directly relatable to plant health, thus strongly influence healthy functioning of soil ecosystem. Knowledge about the soil nitrogen pools is necessary to assess the proper and sustainable fertilization approaches under various management practices. To evaluate various N fractions, fresh soil samples were sampled (20 cm depth, row and near tree) at 8 conventional and 8 organic apple farms (Germany: states of Brandenburg, Saxsony and Saxony-Anhalt), with various age, locations and management practices. Soil samples were analyzed using CNS, Kjeldhal digestion, spectrophotometer and chloroform fumigation. The aim of this study is to compare the total and labile (particulate organic, microbial biomass and water extractable organic) N fractions in soil samples considering various site management approaches, topography and climate. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-3208 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to quantify iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes in soil T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Contaminated sites create a significant risk to human health, by poisoning drinking water, soil, air and as a consequence food. Continuous release of persistent iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes from various industrial sources poses a high hazard to the environment and indicates the necessity to analyze considerable amount of samples. At the present time quantitative determination of Fe-CN concentration in soil usually requires a time consuming two step process: digestion of the sample (e.g., micro distillation system) and its analytical detection performed, e.g., by automated spectrophotometrical flow injection analysis (FIA). In order to determine the feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to quantify the Fe-CN complexes in soil matrix, 42 soil samples were collected (8 to 12.520 mg kg-1CN) indicating single symmetrical CN band in the range 2092 - 2084 cm-1. Partial least squares (PLS) calibration-validation model revealed IR response to CNtot exceeding 1268 mg kg-1 (limit of detection, LOD). Subsequently, leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) was performed on soil samples containing low CNtot (<900 mg kg-1), which improved the sensitivity of the model by reducing the LOD to 154 mg kg-1. Finally, the LOO-CV conducted on the samples with CNtot >900 mg kg-1 resulted in LOD equal to 3494 mg kg-1. Our results indicate that spectroscopic data in combination with PLS statistics can efficiently be used to predict Fe-CN concentrations in soil. We conclude that the protocol applied in this study can strongly reduce the time and costs essential for the spatial and vertical screening of the site affected by complexed Fe-CN. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6995.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6995 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Klos, Friederike A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Using Modified Tessier Scheme to Metal Speciation in a Former Sewage Farm and interpretation of the sequential extraction by FTIR T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-6482 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Impacts of Farming Practices on Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and micronutrients in German Apple Orchards T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.–8. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 SP - 78 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Jonczak, Jerzy A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Optimizing pyrolysis conditions of biochars derived from byproducts of forest and food industry for soil amendments T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://conference.ufz.de/frontend/index.php?page_id=3985&v=List&do=15&day=all&ses=1235# ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Feasibility of pXRF to evaluate chosen heavy metals in soil highly influenced by municipal waste disposal - a Former Sewage Farm Monitoring Study T2 - Land Degradation & Development Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4147 SN - 1099-145X VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 439 EP - 451 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Feilhauer, Hannes A1 - Küster, Theres A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Identification of potential toxic elements (PTE) in Technosols and in the hyperaccumulator plant Brassica juncea with imaging spectroscopy T2 - 12th EARSeL Workshop on Imaging Spectroscopy N2 - Vital, fertile soil is a limited resource and must be considered equal to air and water in its status as a protected good. In Europe, there are around 2.5 million potentially contaminated due to natural and anthropogenic activities. One third of these areas have been identified and 15% of them have already been remediated. An efficient approach for remediation is phytoremediation, a cost-effective and ecosystem-friendly method compared to conventional methods. We showed that hyperaccumulator plants, which have a high tolerance to the accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTE), are suitable for phytoremediation methods. Imaging spectroscopy allowed us to monitor and optimize the process of accumulation. Our study was conducted in two steps: First we analysed the potential of multivariate procedures using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) to predict highly contaminated areas with an inhomogeneous distribution of PTE concentrations from image data. Therefore, we used contaminated soil samples analysed for heavy metal contents as training data. The fully-trained models assisted to monitor PTE contaminated areas during phytoremediation. In a second step, we investigated hyperaccumulator plants and their spectral fingerprints during PTE uptake to detect the highest possible amount of PTE the plant can tolerate. Soil samples were measured after different preparation steps (“oven-dried”, “sieved”, “ground”, “Loss on Ignition (LOI)”) with a HySpex VNIR-1600 and HySpex SWIR 320m-e hyperspectral sensor under laboratory conditions. The spectral range of both sensors covers 450 nm to 2500 nm with a spectral sampling interval of 3.7 nm for the VNIR sensor and 6.25 nm for the SWIR sensor. The resulting spectral library was used for the PLSR and RFR analysis. Considering the optimal coefficient of determination (R2), PLSR showed an improving performance and accuracy with increasing preparation steps: R2_Cr: 0.52–0.78; R2_Cu: 0.36–0.73; R2_Ni: 0.19–0.42 and R2_Zn: 0.41–0.74. In comparison, RFR showed a weaker estimation performance, even when using higher sample preparation levels (R2_Cr:0.36–0.62; R2_Cu: 0.17–0.72; R2_Ni: 0.20–0.35 and R2_Zn: 0.26–0.67). The results indicate that PLSR provides a more robust estimation than the user-friendly RFR method. Additionally, the PTE estimation performance in strong heterogeneous soil samples can be improved by pre-treatment of soil samples in the laboratory. Second, we cultivated Brassica juncea in a greenhouse and applied the plants with different controlled zinc, nickel and copper concentration levels (low, medium, high). Measurements with a HySpex VNIR-SWIR hyperspectral sensor (408-2500 nm) and a point spectrometer PSR+ from Spectral Evolution (350-2500 nm) were conducted in-situ and in the laboratory. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on reflectance spectra to identify and visualize spectral changes with increasing PTE uptake. In addition, different indices were calculated, such as Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Red-Edge Inflection Point (REIP). First results revealed changes at the chlorophyll feature between 500-600 nm and at the REIP position with increasing PTE concentration. Further spectral features and indices will be investigated to check hyperspectral responses of PTE concentration. With reflectance imaging we are already able to detect differences of the PTE accumulation within the hyperaccumulator plants. Y1 - 2022 UR - http://is.earsel.org/workshop/12-IS-Potsdam2022/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/programm-booklet_long_complete_v2.pdf SP - 152 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Matvejeva, Agne A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Cultivation of fiber hemp using solid and liquid residues from municipal composting in a closed system T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Progressing degradation of agricultural soil demands a change to more sustainable cropping systems accounting for crops that can sustain the soil health. Hemp is known for the improvement of soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The objective of the research is to analyze the hemp plant capability to grow under nutrient poor soil conditions and dense canopy and to assess hemp’s ability to uptake plant nutrients applied with/by soil amendments produced from biowaste. Additionally, the research aims to analyze how the hemp nutrition affects its morphogenesis, thus the fiber content. In the greenhouse set up, Cannabis Sativa L. was grown in sandy substrate, with limited water supply that corresponded to the common drought periods in Brandenburg (Germany) and with addition of soil amendments in form of pellets from organic waste (OW) digestives. The treatments included: 5 control pots, 10 pots with pellets (19 kg soil / 230 g pellets according to the allowed application of 13 t/ha) and 10 pots with 19 kg soil / 3 kg pellets. When needed, a universal liquid fertilizer was applied which contained water soluble minerals like N, P2O5 and K2O. After 92 days, the plants were harvested, dried and weighted. The root structure was examined visually. The stems were decorticated using BMS-FLAKSY® (Rossmanith GmbH) to analyze the fiber content. The Elementar vario MAX cube analyzer device was used to analyse C and N contents. The results showed that hemp could still flourish in water and nutrient limited environment. A deeper and denser rooting was observed in the treatments with pellets. It was observed that fine roots were encircled and attached to the pellets to access the nutrients stored there. The highest C:N ratio in soil and in leaves was found in treatments that contained the most pellets. The option to apply pellets produced from OW in larger quantities instead of a fertilizer application had a striking effect on hemp growth and biomass accumulation hence, increased dry matter amount and fiber yield. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-1681 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matvejeva, Agne A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Fiber hemp as a feasible crop for enhancing carbon sequestration and cultivation under water scarcity in sandy agricultural soils T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Extended dry periods and increasing soil degradation compel the conventional agriculture to shift towards the sustainable practices. Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) accounts for crops that require low agricultural inputs and has a high potential to improve soil health hence fertility. The rapid hemp growth, high biomass production and remarkably expanded rooting zone have the vast potential in carbon (C) sequestration and nitrogen (N) fixation. Hemp fibers in the European Union (EU) are commonly used for pulp and paper industry and isolation materials. The study aims to (i) analyze hemp feasibility to grow and contribute to C sequestration under the water scarce conditions in initially nutrient-poor arable sandy soil with high and low canopy densities, and (ii) assess the use of hemp residues like shives and leaves as soil amendments for oat and corn crops in order to increase soil water holding capacity and serve as a long-term nutrient supply. Hemp, oat and corn crops were grown in a greenhouse experiment under LED illumination and wind ventilation for 17 h per day until the harvest. Hemp fibers were obtained through decortication. The biomass of all crops, hemp roots separated into fine and main, soil prior and after the experiment, and soil amendments were investigated for the total C and N content with an ELEMENTAR Vario Max Cube. Also, the elemental analysis for Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, Na was performed using HNO3 and MP-AES analyses. Total dry root mass for oat and corn crops was measured. Additionally, the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were determined. The results showed that water scarcity had hindered hemp height and biomass production. While under the water limited conditions, the low hemp canopy density had showed slightly advanced growth in comparison to the high canopy density. Furthermore, the results of oat and corn experiment indicated difference between the treatments, where the soil amendment from hemp leaves compared to hemp shives showed enhanced growth in both plant and root biomass Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2564 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jonczak, Jerzy A1 - Jankiewicz, Ursula A1 - Kondras, Marek A1 - Kruczkowska, Bogusława A1 - Oktaba, Lidia A1 - Oktaba, Jarosław A1 - Olejniczak, Izabella A1 - Pawłowicz, Edyta A1 - Polláková, Nora A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Regulska, Edyta A1 - Słowińska, Sandra A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena T1 - The influence of birch trees (Betula spp.) on soil environment – A review T2 - Forest Ecology and Management Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118486 SN - 0378-1127 VL - 477 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Jonczak, Jerzy A1 - Parzych, Agnieszka A1 - Šimanský, Vladimír A1 - Polláková, Nora A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Accumulation of airborne potentially toxic elements in Pinus sylvestris L. bark collected in three Central European medium-sized cities T2 - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110758 SN - 0147-6513 VL - 200 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Klos, Friederike A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Spatial and vertical determination of chosen potentially toxic metals and soil properties on a former sewage farm near Berlin T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4220 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Jonczak, Jerzy A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Phytofiltration of chosen metals by aquarium liverwort (Monosoleum tenerum) T2 - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety N2 - Aquatic bryophytes are widely used as indicators of water pollution with various substances, including metals. We present a first study concerning the feasibility of Monosoleum tenerum to remove potentially toxic metals Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn and Fe from water. The novel approach to study the bioaccumulation under controlled conditions and in vitro grown aquarium liverworts was applied. The plants were exposed to 1, 10 and 100 ppm multi-metal solution for 7 days and subsequently the metal content was determined in plant material and media to calculate the bioaccumulation factor (BAF). The study revealed various accumulation behavior (metal and dose dependent), which followed the order of Cu > Zn > Mn > Ni > Fe for 1 ppm; Zn > Cu > Mn > Fe > Ni for 10 ppm and Cu > Fe > Zn > Ni > Mn for 100 ppm solution. However, with increasing Cu, Mn and Ni concentration in the solution, BAF decreased. For Zn the highest BAF value (136) was obtained for the 10 ppm solution. Fe bioaccumulation increased with the increasing solution concentration. After 7 week exposure, the results indicated highest accumulation of Cu (3,25 mg) followed by Fe (1,8 mg) in the plant tissue for the 100 ppm solution. Overall, the bryophyte M. tenerum demonstrate high potential for the removal of toxic metals from the multi-metal solution via accumulation in plant tissue. The BAF values were proper to indicate the use of M. tenerum for phytofiltration of waste waters affected by Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn and Fe. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109844 SN - 1090-2414 SN - 0147-6513 VL - Vol. 188 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kaestner, Friederike A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Feilhauer, Hannes A1 - Chabrillat, Sabine T1 - Remediation-related monitoring of heavy metal concentration of contaminated Technosol using hyperspectral measurements T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11479 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of drying, composing and pelletizing of biowaste-based digestates on providing water soluble nutrients and stabilizing iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4–8 May 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of the post treatments for biowaste‐based digestateson water solubility of nutrients and iron‐cyanide (Fe‐CN)complex mobility T2 - Land Degradation & Development N2 - With recent policy developments, an increase in organic waste utilization is expected. However, the use of organic amendments to reduce the mobility of iron‐cyanide (Fe‐CN) complexes and simultaneously promote vegetation growth has not been studied before. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of (a) drying, (b) composting, and (c) pelletizing on the ability of digestates (biowastes from an anaerobic treatment of municipal organic waste) to provide easily available nutrients and stabilize Fe‐CN complexes. Extraction with deionized water resulted in a considerably higher nutrient and carbon elution from air‐dried and oven‐dried digestates (50% dry matter [DM] of total K, 11% DM Mg, 7% DM Ca, and 6% DM C). Mixer‐pelletized digestates stand out among the composted samples (42% of total K, 3% DM C, 5% DM P, 1.5% DM Mg, and 1% DM Ca). The adsorption experiment showed the highest significant tot. CN conc. reduction using noncomposted, air‐dried (100%), and oven‐dried (82%) digestates. Significant correlations have been found for Mg, Ca, and dissolved organic carbon elution and slightly acidic pH as well as CN adsorption. The Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed Fe‐CN complexation on inorganic (K₂Mn[Feᴵᴵ(CN)₆] and NH₄Fe[Feᴵᴵ(CN)₆]) and organic constituents indicating formation of nitriles. Air‐ and oven‐dried digestates showed the most promising results in terms of nutrients' availability and ability to decrease Fe‐CN complex mobility. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ldr.3336 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3336 SN - 1099-145X VL - 30 IS - 13 SP - 1545 EP - 1553 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena T1 - Detection and behavior of iron-cyanide complexes in soils of a former Manufactured Gas Plant site N2 - In Germany, soil and groundwater atmore than a thousand sites are contaminatedwith ironcyanide complexes. These contaminations originate from the gas purification p process that was conducted inManufactured Gas Plants (MGP).There is a risk of human threat depending on the stability dissolved iron-cyanide complexes due to the potential release of toxic free cyanide, CN(aq) and HCN(g), (aq). The aim of this thesis was to evaluate a new method for the cyanide detection and to investigate the stability and retardation of the iron-cyanide complexes in soils by batch and column experiments in order to improve the knowledge concerning the fate of cyanide compounds in soil and groundwater. This study seeks for enhancing the efficiency of phytoremediation as a proper approach to decontaminate ironcyanides complexes and thus tries to make a contribution to environmental protection. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-40631 PB - BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Advancing performance of green technologies for remediation and reclamation of degraded urban soils Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-944863-18-4 SN - 978-3-944863-19-1 PB - United Nations University, Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) roots inoculation using different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species on sorption of iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 N2 - Soils and groundwater on sites of the former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs) are contaminated with various complex iron-cyanides (Fe-CN). Phytoremediation is a promising tool in stabilization and remediation of Fe-CN affected soils, however, it can be a challenging task due to extreme adverse and toxic conditions. Phytoremediation may be enhanced via rhizosphere microbial activity, which can cooperate on the degradation, transformation and uptake of the contaminants. Recently, increasing number of scientist reports improved plants performance in the removal of toxic compounds with the support of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF). Series of batch experiments using potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) solutions, in varying concentrations, were used to study the effect of ryegrass roots (Lolium perenne L.) inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis and a mixture of Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus aggregatus, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum on Fe-CN sorption. Results indicated significantly higher colonization of R. irregularis than for the mixture of AMF species on ryegrass roots. Sorption experiments revealed significantly higher reduction of total CN and free CN content in the mycorrhizal roots, indicating greater cyanide decrease in the treatment inoculated with R. irregularis. Our study indicates contribution of AM fungi in phytoremediation of Fe-CN contaminated soil. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-4223-2.pdf N1 - EGU2016-4223-2 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Release of iron-cyanide complexes form contaminated soils - Batch and column experiments on substrates from Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 – 12 April 2013 N2 - Soils of former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs) are often contaminated with iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes that originate from gas purification process. Cyanide is a potentially toxic substance and its presence in soil and groundwater may cause risk for human health as well as for the environment. MGPs were commonly built on the city suburban areas, which have spread ever since. Nowadays, these sites are typically located in inner cities, causing environmental thread, due to the leaching of pollutants. More recently, columns and batch experiments have been used to study fate and mobility of contaminants is soil. The release of iron-cyanide complexes under unsaturated flow conditions was evaluated with eight columns of 30 cm length and a diameter of 5,4 cm. Cyanide concentrations in the collected leachates were measured with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). Additionally pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and various ion concentrations were determined. In order to compare the release of Fe-CN complexes in saturated conditions a batch experiment was conducted, where in defined time intervals, 1 ml of the extract water phase was analyzed for CN concentration. Study revealed an analogous trend of cyanide release in both experiments indicating primarily the release of formerly dissolved phase (hexacyanoferrates) followed by continual dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. We conclude that batch experiments, conducted prior to column analysis, can serve as preliminary prediction of the water soluble cyanide fraction under unsaturated conditions. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2013/EGU2013-1983.pdf N1 - EGU2013-1983 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Feasibility of field portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to determine cyanide concentrations in soil T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 – 12 April 2013 N2 - In Germany, at more than 1000 sites, soil is polluted with an anthropogenic contaminant in form of iron-cyanide complexes. These contaminations are caused by former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs), where electricity for lighting was produced in the process of coal gasification. The production of manufactured gas was restrained in 1950, which caused cessation of MGPs. Our study describes the application of Polychromix Handheld Field Portable Near-Infrared (NIR) Analyzer to predict the cyanide concentrations in soil. In recent times, when the soil remediation is of major importance, there is a need to develop rapid and non-destructive methods for contaminant determination in the field. In situ analysis enables determination of ‘hot spots’, is cheap and time saving in comparison to laboratory methods. This paper presents a novel usage of NIR spectroscopy, where a calibration model was developed, using multivariate calibration algorithms, in order to determine NIR spectral response to the cyanide concentration in soil samples. As a control, the contaminant concentration was determined using conventional Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). The experiments revealed that portable near-infrared spectrometers could be a reliable device for identification of contamination ‘hot spots’, where cyanide concentration are higher than 2400 mg kg-1 in the field and >1750 mg kg-1 after sample preparation in the laboratory, but cannot replace traditional laboratory analyses due to high limits of detection. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2013/EGU2013-1986.pdf N1 - EGU2013-1986 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Dimitrova, Tsvetelina T1 - Feasibility of field portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to determine cyanide concentrations in soil T2 - Water, Air and Soil Pollution N2 - Vicinities of manufactured gas plants were often contaminated with solid iron–cyanide complexes as a result of the coal gasification process. During the remediation of affected soils, knowledge about contaminant concentrations is crucial, but laboratory methods are often expensive and time consuming. Rapid and non-destructive field methods for contaminant determination permit an analysis of large sample numbers and hence, facilitate identification of ‘hot spots’ of contamination. Diffuse near infrared reflectance spectroscopy has proven to be a reliable analytical tool in soil investigation. In order to determine the feasibility of a Polychromix Handheld Field Portable Near-Infrared Analyzer (FP NIR), various sample preparation methods were examined, including homogenizing, sieving, drying, and grinding. Partial least squares calibration models were developed to determine near infrared (NIR) spectral responses to the cyanide concentration in the soil samples. As a control, the contaminant concentration was determined using conventional flow injection analysis. The experiments revealed that portable near-infrared spectrometers could be a reliable device for detecting cyanide concentrations >2,400 mgkg−1 in the field and >1,750 mgkg−1 after sample preparation in the laboratory.We found that portable NIR spectrometry cannot replace traditional laboratory analyses due to high limits of detection, but that it could be used for identification of contamination ‘hot spots’. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1298-y SN - 1573-2932 VL - 223 IS - 8 SP - 5495 EP - 5504 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Long-Term Release of Iron-Cyanide Complexes from the Soil of a Manufactured Gas Plant Site T2 - Journal of Environmental Protection N2 - Iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes have been detected at Manufactured Gas Plant sites (MGP) worldwide. The risk of groundwater contamination depends mainly on the dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. In order to design effective reme- diation strategies, it is relevant to understand the contaminant’s fate and transport in soil, and to quantify and mathe- matically model a release rate. The release of iron-cyanide complexes from four contaminated soils, originating from the former MGP in Cottbus, has been studied by using a column experiment. Results indicated that long-term cyanide (CN) release is governed by two phases: one readily dissolved and one strongly fixed. Different isotherm and kinetic equations were used to investigate the driving mechanisms for the ferric ferrocyanide release. Applying the isotherm equations assumed an approach by which two phases were separate in time, whereas the multiple first order equation considered simultaneous occurrence of both cyanide pools. Results indicated varying CN release rates according to the phase and soil. According to isotherm and kinetic models, the long-term iron cyanide release from the MGP soils is a complex phenomenon driven by various mechanisms parallely involving desorption, diffusion and transport processes. Phase I (rapid release) is presumably mainly constrained by the transport process of readily dissolved iron-cyanide complexes combined with desorption of CN bound to reactive heterogeneous surfaces that are in direct contact with the aqueous phase (outer-sphere complexation). Phase II (limited rate) is presumably driven by the diffusion controlled processes involving dissolution of precipitated ferric ferrocyanide from the mineral or inner-sphere complexation of fer- ricyanides. CN release rates in phase I and II were mainly influenced by the pH, organic matter (OM) and the total CN content. The cyanide release rates increased with increasing pH, decreased with low initial CN concentration and were retarded by the increase in OM content. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.411A2002 SN - 2152-2219 VL - 4 IS - 11B SP - 8 EP - 19 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Retardation of iron-cyanide complexes in the soil of a former manufactured gas plant site T2 - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A N2 - The soil in the vicinities of former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) sites is commonly contaminated with iron-cyanide complexes (ferric ferrocyanide). The phenomenon of cyanide mobility in soil, according to the literature, is mainly governed by the dissolution and precipitation of ferric ferrocyanide, which is only slightly soluble (<1 mg L¡1) under acidic conditions. In this paper, retention properties of the sandy loam soil and the potential vertical movement of the solid iron-cyanide complexes, co-existing with the dissolution, sorption and precipitation reactions were investigated. Preliminary research conducted on a former MGP site implied colloidal transport of ferric ferricyanide from the initial deposition in the wastes layer towards the sandy loam material (secondary accumulation), which possibly retarded the mobility of cyanide (CN). A series of batch and column experiments were applied in order to investigate the retardation of iron-cyanide complexes by the sandy loam soil. Batch experiments revealed that in circumneutral pH conditions sandy loam material decreases the potassium ferro- and ferricyanide concentration. In column experiments a minor reduction in CN concentration was observed prior to addition of iron sulfide (FeS) layer, which induced the formation of the Prussian blue colloids in circumneutral pH conditions. Precipitated solid iron-cyanide complexes were mechanically filtered by the coherent structure of the investigated soil. Additionally, the reduction of the CN concentration of the percolation solutions by the sandy loam soil was presumably induced due to the formation of potassium manganese iron-cyanide (K2Mn[Fe(CN)6]). Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2015.981116 SN - 1532-4117 SN - 1093-4529 VL - 50 IS - 3 SP - 282 EP - 291 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Possible evidence for contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in phytoremediation of iron–cyanide (Fe–CN) complexes T2 - Ecotoxicology N2 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are integral functioning parts of plant root systems and are widely recognized for enhancing contaminants uptake and metabolism on severely disturbed sites. However, the patterns of their influence on the phytoremediation of iron–cyanide (Fe–CN) complexes are unknown. Fe–CN complexes are of great common interest, as iron is one of the most abundant element in soil and water. Effect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) roots inoculation, using mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irregularis and a mixture of R. irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus aggregatus, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum), on iron–cyanide sorption was studied. Results indicated significantly higher colonization of R. irregularis than the mixture of AMF species on ryegrass roots. Series of batch experiments using potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) solutions, in varying concentrations revealed significantly higher reduction of total CN and free CN content in the mycorrhizal roots, indicating greater cyanide decrease in the treatment inoculated with R. irregularis. Our study is a first indication of the possible positive contribution of AM fungi on the phytoremediation of iron–cyanide complexes. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10646-016-1678-y U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1678-y SN - 1573-3017 VL - 25 IS - 6 SP - 1260 EP - 1269 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Stability of Prussian Blue in Soils of a Former Manufactured Gas Plant Site T2 - Soil and Sediment Contamination N2 - Soil contamination with iron-cyanide complexes is a common problem at former manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites. Dissolution of the cyanide, from Prussian Blue (ferric ferrocyanide), creates an environmental hazard, whereas the risk of groundwater contamination depends on the stability of dissolved iron–cyanide complexes. Lack of a standard leaching method to determine the water-soluble (plant-available) cyanide fraction generates potential limitations for implementing remediation strategies like phytoremediation. Applicability of neutral solution extraction to determine the water-soluble cyanide fraction and the stability of Prussian Blue in surface and near-surface soils of an MGP site in Cottbus, undersaturated and unsaturated water conditions, was studied in column leaching and batch extraction experiments. MGP soils used in the long-term tests varied according to the pH (5.0–7.7) and the total cyanide content (40–1718 mg kg−1). Column leaching, after four months of percolation, still yielded effluent concentrations exceeding the German drinking water limit (> 50 μg L−1) and the solubility of Prussian Blue reported in the literature (< 1 mg L−1) from both alkaline and acidic soils. Long-term (1344 h) extraction of MGP soils with distilled water was sufficient to dissolve 97% of the total cyanide from the slightly alkaline soils and up to 78% from the acidic soils. Both experiments revealed that dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide under circum-neutral pH and oxic water conditions is a function of time, where the released amount is dependent on the soil pH and total cyanide content. Unexpectedly high and continuous solubility of Prussian Blue, both in acidic and slightly alkaline MGP soils, implies the need to introduce an additional cyanide fraction (“readily soluble fraction”) to improve and specify cyanide leaching methods. Long-term extraction of cyanide-contaminated soil in neutral solution seems to be a promising approach to evaluate the potential hazard of groundwater pollution at the MGP sites. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2014.839626 SN - 1549-7887 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 504 EP - 522 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) on degradation of iron-cyanide complexes T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-250.pdf N1 - EGU2015-250 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Vertical movement of iron-cyanide complexes in soils of a former Manufactured Gas Plant site T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-9980.pdf N1 - EGU2015-9980 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER -