TY - GEN A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Biological topsoil crusts at early successional stages on recultivated post-mining sites in Brandenburg, NE Germany Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp T1 - Water repellency and pore clogging at early successional stages of microbiotic crusts on inland dunes, Brandenburg, NE Germany Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Yair, Aaron A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Infiltration, water holding capacity and growth patterns of biological soil crusts on sand dunes under arid and temperate climates T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna Y1 - 2012 N1 - EGU2012-5034 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Small scale spatial heterogeneity of biological soil crusts during initial ecosystem development T2 - Abstract Book of the 12th European Ecological Federation Congress, 25-29 September 2011, Avila, Spain Y1 - 2011 UR - http://www.desertconsult.de/abstracts/Veste_EEF2011_2.pdf SP - S. 250 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Biological soil crusts on inland dunes in NE Germany: Can we link succession with hydrology? T2 - Book of Abstracts Workshop "Biological Soil Crusts in Ecosystems - their Diversity, Ecology, and Management", 22-25. August 2010, Zellingen-Retzbach, Germany Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.desertconsult.de/abstracts/biocrusts3.pdf SP - S. 52 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang T1 - How biological soil crusts are stabilizing the soil surface? The development of organo-mineral interactions in the initial phase T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, held in Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2009/EGU2009-8635.pdf N1 - EGU2009-8635 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Dew formation on the surface of biological soil crusts in central European sand ecosystems T2 - Biogeosciences N2 - Dew formation was investigated in three developmental stages of biological soil crusts (BSC), which were collected along a catena of an inland dune and in the initial substrate. The Penman equation, which was developed for saturated surfaces, was modified for unsaturated surfaces and used for prediction of dewfall rates. The levels of surface saturation required for this approach were predicted using the water retention functions and the thicknesses of the BSCs. During a first field campaign (2–3 August 2011), dewfall increased from 0.042 kg m−2 for the initial sandy substrate to 0.058, 0.143 and 0.178 kg m−2 for crusts 1 to 3, respectively. During a second field campaign (17–18 August 2011), where dew formation was recorded in 1.5 to 2.75-h intervals after installation at 21:30 CEST, dewfall increased from 0.011 kg m−2 for the initial sandy substrate to 0.013, 0.028 and 0.055 kg m−2 for crusts 1 to 3, respectively. Dewfall rates remained on low levels for the substrate and for crust 1, and decreased overnight for crusts 2 and 3 (with crust 3 > crust 2 > crust 1 throughout the campaign). Dew formation was well reflected by the model response. The suggested mechanism of dew formation involves a delay in water saturation in near-surface soil pores and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) where the crusts were thicker and where the water capacity was high, resulting in elevated vapor flux towards the surface. The results also indicate that the amount of dewfall was too low to saturate the BSCs and to observe water flow into deeper soil. Analysis of the soil water retention curves revealed that, despite the sandy mineral matrix, moist crusts clogged by swollen EPS pores exhibited a clay-like behavior. It is hypothesized that BSCs gain double benefit from suppressing their competitors by runoff generation and from improving their water supply by dew collection. Despite higher amounts of dew, the water availability to the crust community decreases with crust development, which may be compensated by ecophysiological adaptation of crust organisms, and which may further suppress higher vegetation or mosses. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4621-2012 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 9 SP - 4621 EP - 4628 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brankatschk, Robert A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Zeyer, Josef T1 - Succession of N Cycling Processes in Biological Soil Crusts on a Central European Inland Dune T2 - FEMS Microbiology Ecology N2 - Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are microbial assemblages that occur worldwide and facilitate ecosystem development by nitrogen (N) and carbon accumulation. N turnover within BSC ecosystems has been intensively studied in the past; however, shifts in the N cycle during BSC development have not been previously investigated. Our aim was to characterise N cycle development first by the abundance of the corresponding functional genes (in brackets) and second by potential enzyme activities; we focussed on the four processes: N fixation (nifH), mineralisation as proteolysis and chitinolysis (chiA), nitrification (amoA) and denitrification (nosZ). We sampled from four phases of BSC development and from a reference located in the rooting zone of Corynephorus canescens, on an inland dune in Germany. BSC development was associated with increasing amounts of chlorophyll, organic carbon and N. Potential activities increased and were highest in developed BSCs. Similarly, the abundance of functional genes increased. We propose and discuss three stages of N process succession. First, the heterotrophic stage (mobile sand without BSCs) is dominated by mineralisation activity. Second, during the transition stage (initial BSCs), N accumulates, and potential nitrification and denitrification activity increases. Third, the developed stage (established BSCs and reference) is characterised by the dominance of nitrification. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01459.x SN - 1574-6941 VL - 83 IS - 1 SP - 149 EP - 160 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiao, Bo A1 - Wang, Huifang A1 - Fan, Jun A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Biological soil crusts decrease soil temperature in summer and increase soil temperature in winter in semiarid environment T2 - Ecological Engineering N2 - In hot and wet conditions in summer, the biological soil crusts (BSCs) decreased soil temperature by up to 11.8 °C, 7.5 °C, 5.4 °C, and 3.2 °C at surface, 5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm, respectively; while in cold and dry conditions in winter the BSCs increased soil temperature by up to 1.2 °C, 1.2 °C, and 1.1 °C at 5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm, respectively. The daily mean soil temperatures of the BSCs in a whole year were averagely increased by 0.57 ± 0.04 °C, 0.31 ± 0.04 °C, and 0.22 ± 0.04 °C at 5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm, respectively. The effects of the BSCs on soil temperature were positively correlated with air temperature and soil moisture, and decreased with soil depth from surface to deep soil. We concluded that BSCs relieved the extreme hot and cold soil micro-environments in desert ecosystem to some extent. Therefore their effects on soil temperature are positive for improving water and nutrient availability and biological community structure, thus decreasing susceptibility to desertification. These results would be helpful for understanding the ecological and hydrological functions of BSCs in semiarid environment. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.06.009 SN - 0925-8574 VL - 58 SP - 52 EP - 56 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Yair, Aaron A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Geppert, Helmut T1 - Hydraulic properties of biological soil crusts on sand dunes studied by 13C-CP/MAS-NMR: a comparison between an arid and a temperate site T2 - Catena N2 - Using principal component analysis (PCA), we studied the relationships between hydraulic properties and 13C-CP/MAS-NMR shift regions of biological soil crusts (BSCs) on sand dunes under arid and temperate conditions. The arid study site was located near Nizzana, in the northwestern Negev, Israel and the temperate site was near Lieberose, Brandenburg, Germany. BSCs were sampled at each site near the dune crest, at the center of the dune slope and at the dune base. The soil texture was finer and water holding capacities (WHCs) were higher in Nizzana, whereas surface wettability was reduced in Lieberose. At both sites, BSCs caused extra WHC compared to the mineral substrate. Infiltration after wetting along both catenas generally reached a maximum after 10 min and decreased after 30 min. Carbohydrates were the dominating components in all of the BSCs studied, where the relative peak areas of carbohydrate-derived structures (60–110 ppm) amounted to 28–46% and to 10–14% of total C-peak areas, respectively. PCA revealed that the WHC of the substrate was closely related to the amount of silt and clay, whereas the BSC induced extra WHC was closely related to carbohydrates. It was further found that water repellency was positively related to carbohydrate C, but negatively related to alkyl C. Infiltration kinetics was attributed to polysaccharide hydration and swelling. Our findings support the hypothesis that hydraulic properties of BSCs are determined by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soil texture. Hydraulic properties in BSCs result from the combination of chemical properties related to C compounds mainly dominated by carbohydrates and physical surface properties related to texture, porosity and water holding capacity. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.06.002 SN - 0341-8162 VL - 110 SP - 155 EP - 160 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Subbotina, Maria A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Hydraulic and nutritional feedback controls surface patchiness of biological soil crusts at a post-mining site T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 Y1 - 2015 N1 - EGU2015-4551 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kleefeld, Andreas A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Robuste und strukturerhaltende Bildentrauschung via Medianfilterung und Bildsegmentierung T2 - 20. und 21. Workshop Computer-Bildanalyse in der Landwirtschaft, 26. Mai 2014, Osnabrück N2 - Ein Medianfilter ist ein Werkzeug, das benutzt werden kann, um Bilder zu entrauschen. Allerdings verschwimmen vorhandene Strukturen, und eine gute Bildsegmentierung gestaltet sich schwierig. Daher wird hier ein Medianfilteralgorithmus vorgestellt, der in der Lage ist, Bilder zu entrauschen und gleichzeitig vorhandene Strukturen beizubehalten. Wir zeigen die Anwendbarkeit dieser Methode auf Bilder, die durch ein automatisches Minirhizotronsystem aufgenommen worden sind. Dieses dient zur zerstörungsfreien Observierung von Wurzelwachstum. Die verbesserten Bilder werden dann zur Bildsegmentierung benutzt, um automatisch die Wurzeln in den Bildern zu entdecken. KW - Medianfilter KW - Bildsegmentierung KW - automatisches Minirhizotronsystem Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.atb-potsdam.de/?id=161 SN - 0947-7314 SP - 92 EP - 100 PB - Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V. CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Schümberg, Sabine A1 - Abreu Schonert, Iballa A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Experimental investigation of the early interaction between cyanobacterial soil crusts and vascular plants T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - While there are hints that biological soil crusts (BSCs) can constitute physical barriers for the emergence of vascular plants, a conceptual approach for the quantitative evaluation of these effects is still missing. Here we present an experimental design to test the emergence of seedlings in situ with (i) capping natural intact, (ii) destroyed and (iii) removed BSC. The selected field site is directly adjacent to the constructed Hühnerwasser catchment (Lusatia, Germany). This site exists since the end of 2008 and consists of loamy sand. Serving as proxy for seedling thrust, we inserted pre-germinated seeds of three confamiliar plant species with different seed masses (members of the Fabaceae family: Lotus corniculatus L., Ornithopus sativus Brot., and Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In each treatment as well as in the control group planting depths were 10 mm. We took care that experimental plots had identical crust thickness, slightly less than 4 mm, serving as proxy for mechanical resistance. A plot became established as follows: Firstly, the pristine crusted surface was vertically cut. To the windward side the BSC remained intact (i: “with BSC” stripe). To the downwind side soil material was temporarily excavated for laterally inserting the seeds beneath the surface of the first stripe. Then at the thereby disturbed second stripe pulverised BSC material became filled as a top layer (ii: “BSC mix” stripe). From the next stripe the BSC was removed (iii : “no BSC” stripe). Thus each plot had each experimental group in spatial contiguity (within 50 cm * 50 cm). The overall 50 plots were distributed across an area of 40 m * 12 m. When individuals of a species either emerged at all stripes, “XXX”, or at no stripe of a plot, “– – –“, there was no reason to suppose any effect of a crust. The “–XX” emergence pattern (depicting the appearance of seedlings in both stripes possessing manipulated surfaces) points towards hindrance more clearly than “–X–” or “– - X”. Altogether eight possible combinations exist. Combinatorial analysis turned out that seedling emergence had been notably impeded for light-weighted seeds but little for heavy seeds. Repeated recordings enable to account for adaptable emergence of seedlings according to varying crust conditions – in spatial as well as temporal terms. The proposed experimental procedure hence is highly recommended as a viable instrument to further investigate filter and facilitation processes between BSCs and vascular plants. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-8595.pdf N1 - EGU2016-8595 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Yair, Aaron A1 - Geppert, Helmut A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Water repellency and infiltration of biological soil crusts on an arid and a temperate dunes T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 Y1 - 2014 N1 - EGU2014-12175 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Winter, S. A1 - Fischer, A. A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Overview and first results of ecological monitoring at the artificial watershed Chicken Creek (Germany) T2 - Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Y1 - 2011 SN - 1873-5193 VL - 36 IS - 1-4 SP - 61 EP - 73 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lippert, Gudrun A1 - Nixdorf, Brigitte A1 - Leßmann, Dieter A1 - Henschke, Ingo A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Böhme, Michael T1 - Primärsukzession einem Kleingewässer (Hühnerwasserteich) - Teil 2: Vergleich der Produktion von Phytoplankton, Makrophyten und heterotrophen Bakterien T2 - Erweiterte Zusammenfassung der Jahrestagung der DGL 2009 in Oldenburg KW - Primärsukzession KW - Phytoplankton Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-9802188-8-7 SP - 84 EP - 89 PB - Eigenverlag der DGL CY - Hardegsen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Korn, Horst ED - Schliep, Rainer ED - Stadler, Jutta T1 - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Waldvegetation: Anpassungsfähigkeit und ihre Grenzen T2 - Biodiversität und Klima - Vernetzung der Akteure in Deutschland IV, Ergebnisse und Dokumentation des 4. Workshops Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.bfn.de/fileadmin/MDB/documents/service/Skript246.pdf SP - 31 EP - 34 PB - BfN CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Monitoring program at the artificial catchment "chicken creek", Germany Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Mykhailova, Larysa T1 - Ecological Maturity and Drought Stress of Biological Soil Crusts along a Central European Inland Dune Catena T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 Y1 - 2014 N1 - EGU2014-11377 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp ED - Ukonmaanaho, Liisa ED - Nieminen, Tiina Maileena ED - Starr, Michael T1 - Linking microstructural and spectroscopic analysis of biological soil crusts - investigation of organo-mineral interactions T2 - 6th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour BIOGEOMON 2009 Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2009/mwp128.pdf SN - 978-951-40-2177-0 SP - S. 412 PB - Finnish Forest Research Institut CY - Vantaa, Finland ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Biber, Peter A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Seiffert, S. ED - Holzheu, Stefan ED - Thies, B. T1 - How do vegetation patterns develop in initial ecosystems? A modelling approach T2 - Dimensions of ecology - from global change to molecular ecology, (GfÖ) 39th annual conference, University of Bayreuth, 14th - 18th September 2009 Y1 - 2009 SP - S. 123 PB - Bayreuther Zentrum für Ökologie und Umweltforschung (BayCEER) Selbstverlag CY - Bayreuth ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Yair, Aaron A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Microstructure and hydraulic properties of biological soil crusts on sand dunes: a comparison between arid and temperate climates T2 - Biogeosciences Discuss N2 - We studied the relationships between crust microstructure, infiltration and water holding capacity under arid and temperate conditions (Factor A: Climate) on biological soil crusts (BSCs) sampled along a catena on mobile sand dunes (Factor B: Catena). The arid study site was located near Nizzana, Israel (precipitation: 86mm a−1, PET: ca. 2500mm a−1) and the temperate site near Lieberose, Germany (precipitation: 569mm a−1, PET: ca. 780mm a−1). BSCs were sampled near the dune crest, at the centre of the dune slope and at the dune base at each site. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize BSC morphology and microstructure. Infiltration was determined using microinfiltrometry under controlled moisture conditions in the lab. Water holding capacities were determined after water saturation of the dry BSCs. Wettability of the crusts was characterized using a “repellency index”, which was calculated from water and ethanol sorptivities. Irrespective of the climate, an accumulation of fine particles in the BSCs was found, increasing along the catena from dune crest to dune base. Texture was finer and water holding capacities of the underlying substrate were higher at the arid site, whereas surface wettability was reduced at the temperate site. At both sites, BSCs caused extra water holding capacity compared to the substrate. Infiltration rates decreased along the catena and were generally lower at the dune slope and base of the arid site. A mechanism of crust stabilization is proposed where BSCs benefit from increased texture and biomass mediated water supply, and where the water supply to higher plants was limited due to alteration of physico-chemical surface properties under temperate conditions. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-12711-2012 VL - 9 SP - 12711 EP - 12734 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp T1 - How biological crusts are stabilizing the soil surface? The development of organo-mineral interactions in the initial phase T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-8635 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Anbau und Nutzung schnellwachsender Bäume in der Landwirtschaft - ein Ausblick T2 - Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - Ökologie - Management Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49930-6 SN - 978-3-662-49931-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_15 SP - 511 EP - 523 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Schillem, Steffi A1 - Böhm, Christian ED - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Baumarten für die Agrarholzproduktion T2 - Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - Ökologie - Management Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49930-6 SN - 978-3-662-49931-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_4 SP - 81 EP - 118 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Böhm, Christian ED - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Nachhaltige Holzproduktion in der Agrarlandschaft T2 - Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - Ökologie - Management Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49930-6 SN - 978-3-662-49931-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_1 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Climate Change Impacts on the Growth of Hybrid Poplar Trees in an Agroforestry System in Brandenburg, NE Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - Climate change is expected in Brandenburg, eastern Germany, in terms of increasing annual temperature and changes in climate variability, as well as the number of extreme weather events. Since agroforestry systems have a planning horizon of several decades, long-term yield assessments are required in order to evaluate the economic profitability and environmental sustainability of such systems. Accordingly, our aim was to simulate the tree growth of poplar trees (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii) in an agroforestry system in Brandenburg for the next forty years. For this purpose, we used the process-oriented Yield-SAFE model, a parameter-sparse, biophysical model developed for the simulation of plant growth in agroforestry systems. For the investigated period from 2011 to 2014, the validation simulations showed clear correlations with the observed values for woody tree biomass. For the unfolding period from 2015 to 2055, a variety of possible climate changes (including higher evaporation requirements and reduced water availability) and their uncertainties were incorporated into our assessment. The tree yield sensitivity to future climatic conditions was evaluated using 100 realizations of a scenario of the statistical regional climate model Statistical Analogue Resampling Scheme (STAR), which assumes an increase in annual temperature of 2K, as well as decreasing annual precipitation by 30–40 mm. The Yield-SAFE model responded sensitively to changes in the meteorological input data, showing that (1) shifts in temperature and/or precipitation would have a directly proportional influence on tree growth and (2) the impact of potential climate changes on tree growth must be assessed in terms of the complex interaction of various influencing factors. This was evidenced, for example, by the fact that higher average annual temperatures could either increase the tree growth due to a prolonged vegetation period or, on the contrary, decrease the tree growth due to higher potential evapotranspiration. The model results are important for the sustainable planning and management of agroforestry systems, upcoming risk assessments, and example analysis of adaptation scenarios in the near and distant future. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-13178.pdf N1 - EGU2018-13178 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Swieter, Anita A1 - Langhof, Maren T1 - Benefits of agroforestry systems for land equivalent ratio - case studies in Brandenburg and Lower Saxony, Germany T2 - Proceedings of the 4th European Agroforestry Conference Agroforestry as Sustainable Land Use 28-30 May 2018, Nijmegen, The Netherlands N2 - Transitioning towards agroforestry demands systematic productivity assessments of such systems under different climatic and edaphic conditions. In this regard, the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) serves as a valuable productivity indicator of agroforestry since it evaluates yields from growing trees and crops together in comparison to yields from monocultures over the same period. Consequently, our objective was to evaluate the overall productivity of two agroforestry systems in Forst (Brandenburg) and Wendhausen (Lower Saxony) by means of LER. Our approach followed two assumptions: (i) the yields of trees and crops had equal economic importance and (ii) the economic importance was given solely by the annual crop, the yield of trees representing a supplementary profit. The resulted values for LER were consistently above their specific threshold, corroborating the greater efficiency of agroforestry systems rather than monoculture. Additionally, this study highlighted the importance of choosing the appropriate assumptions when calculating the LER. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.repository.utl.pt/bitstream/10400.5/15589/1/REP-CEF-EURAF-conference_book.pdf SN - 978-84-09-02384-4 SP - 26 EP - 29 PB - University of Santiago de Compostela CY - Santiago de Compostela ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Pflugmacher, Candy A1 - Hartmann, Holger A1 - Schlepphorst, Rainer A1 - Murach, Dieter ED - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Ökophysiologie der Agrargehölze - vom Blatt zum Bestand T2 - Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - Ökologie - Management Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49930-6 SN - 978-3-662-49931-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_7 SP - 169 EP - 227 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Agrarholzanbau im Kontext einer modernen Landwirtschaft T2 - Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - Ökologie - Management Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49930-6 SN - 978-3-662-49931-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_3 SP - 57 EP - 79 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Optimisation of biomass productivity of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) on marginal lands - a case study in Lower Lusatia, NE Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23–28 April 2017 N2 - The profitability of reclaiming post-mining areas depends on the tree biomass productivity and the restoration of ecosystem functions, such as improving soil and water quality. Agroforestry systems, regarded as combined land-use systems of trees and crops, have the ability to facilitate soil development while reducing wind speed, soil erosion and evaporation. Achieving the maximum biomass productivity of the tree stands depends on the corresponding soil conditions and water availability, but is also influenced by stand structure and the competition between individual trees. For this purpose, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) trees were planted in a Nelder design in 2010, on a reclaimed post-mining site of the open-cast lignite mining in Welzow Süd (Brandenburg, Germany). Black locust is regarded as a drought-adapted tree species and commonly used for the reclamation of former lignite mining sites in Lower Lusatia, Germany. The Nelder design encompasses angles of arc of equal measure and with the same origin traversed by successive circumferences set at a predefined radial distance. Accordingly, a total of 1071 trees were planted in Welzow Süd at the intersection between 63 spokes and 17 circumferences and at densities ranging from 0.4 to 8.0 m2, with the aim of examining the influence of stand density on the tree growth in a timeframe of six years. In order to evaluate the biomass production of the trees and to determine an optimal planting density on a marginal land, various scenarios were assessed with the help of the Yield-SAFE model, a parameter-sparse process-based agroforestry model. The study revealed the consequences of choosing different tree densities on the tree biomass productivity and water use of trees in relation to the competition for light and water. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-15488-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-15488-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Variabilität der holzigen Biomasseproduktion von Pappel und Robinie als Folge des Klimawandels in einem Alley-Cropping System in der Lausitz T2 - 1. Erfurter Tagung "Schnellwachsende Baumarten - Etablierung, Management und Verwertung", vom 16.11.-17.11.2017 Y1 - 2017 N1 - ISSN 2567-8922 SP - 88 EP - 89 PB - Fachhochschule Erfurt CY - Erfurt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Development of biological soil crusts and their influence on soil hydrology in the recultivation area of lignite open-cast mining district in Lower Lusatia (Germany) T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna Y1 - 2012 N1 - EGU2012-6372 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Eisele, Andreas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Spyra, Wolfgang A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - High resolution mapping of Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) of biological soil crusts T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna Y1 - 2012 N1 - EGU2012-7052 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Biomass production and water use of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) for short-rotation plantation T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna Y1 - 2012 N1 - EGU2012-8719 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Wie beeinflussen Kiefern (Pinus sylvestris L.) die Entwicklung der Benetzungshemmung auf Sandböden? T2 - Böden verstehen - Böden nutzen - Böden fit machen, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 3. - 9. September 2011 Y1 - 2011 UR - http://eprints.dbges.de/768/ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Development of biologicalsoil crusts in initial ecosystems in Lusatia, Germany T2 - DBG Jahrestagung 2009 Bonn "Böden - eine endliche Ressource", 05.-13.09.2009, Bonn Y1 - 2009 UR - http://eprints.dbges.de/178/ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, A. T1 - Monitoring of Soil-Plant-Atmosphere patterns and processes in an artificial catchment T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-4364 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Dominik, R. A1 - Dimitrov, M. A1 - Fischer, A. A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang ED - Stadler, Jutta ED - Schöppe, Felix ED - Frenzel, Mark T1 - Novel drone-based system for ecosystem monitoring - application, analysis and interpretation T2 - EURECO-GFOE 2008, Proceedings Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-3-00-025522-9 SP - S. 809 PB - Gesellschaft für Ökologie CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Eisele, Andreas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Spyra, Wolfgang A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Small Scale Spatial Heterogeneity of Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) and Hot Spots of Photosynthesis in Biological Soil Crusts T2 - Flora N2 - Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVIs) are typically determined using satellite or airborne remote sensing, or field portable spectrometers, which give an averaged signal on centimetre to metre scale plots. Biological soil crust (BSC) patches may have smaller sizes, and ecophysiological, hydrological as well as pedological processes may be heterogeneously distributed within this level of resolution. A ground-based NDVI imaging procedure using low-cost equipment (Olympus Camedia 5000z digital camera equipped with a Hoya R72 infrared filter) was developed in this study to fill this gap at the level of field research, where carrying costly and bulky equipment to remote locations is often the limiting factor for data collection. Method principle and field data are presented, and the field experiment was deepened comparing NDVI measurements and CO2 turnover of soil crust samples in the laboratory, backing the reliability of the approach. A commercially available colour rendition chart with known red (600–700 nm) and NIR (800–900 nm) reflectances was placed into each scene and used for calibration purposes on a per-image basis. Generation of NDVI images involved (i) determination of red and NIR reflectances from the pixel values of the red and NIR channels, respectively, and (ii) calculation and imaging of the NDVI, where NDVI values of −1 to +1 were mapped to grey values of 0 to 255. The correlation between NDVI values retrieved from these images and NDVI values determined using field spectrometry was close (r2 = 0.91), the 95% confidence interval amounted to 0.10 NDVI units. The pixel resolution was 0.8 mm in the field and 0.2 mm in the laboratory, but can still be improved significantly with closer distance to the crust or with higher camera resolution. NDVI values obtained using the new method were related to the net CO2 uptake of BSCs, where both slope and correlation coefficient of the respective regression function conformed with literature data. Geostatistical analysis revealed that both spatial variability of net CO2 uptake as well as size of individual hot spots of this parameter increased with crust development. The latter never exceeded 4 mm in the investigated crusts, which points to the necessity of high resolution imaging for linking remote sensing with ecophysiology. Perspectively, the new method could be used for field monitoring of both biological soil crusts and vascular vegetation. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2012.01.001 VL - 207 IS - 3 SP - 159 EP - 167 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kleefeld, Andreas A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Herppich, Werner B. A1 - Bader, Georg A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Identification of spatial pattern of photosynthesis hotspots in moss- and lichen-dominated biological soil crusts by combining chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and multispectral BNDVI images T2 - Pedobiologia N2 - Although biological soil crusts can be found in open landscapes worldwide, their species composition depends on soil properties such as texture and pH, on microclimate, and their respective developmental stage. In addition, local variations in water holding capacity and/or chemical properties of soils influence the formation of spatial patterns and different types of biocrusts on the landscape level. For the evaluation of biocrusts functions and their impact on soil carbon pools, the analysis of the interrelationship between photosynthetic activity and the variations of spatial distribution pattern and types of biocrust is indispensable. For this purpose, an image processing approach was applied that combined chlorophyll fluorescence analyses and multispectral BNDVI to comprehensively characterize the spatial patterns of photosynthetic hotspots in biological soil crusts. For image analysis, five biological soil crust samples with different ratios of substrate, mosses and lichens were collected on an inland dune system in Lieberose, dominated by the moss Polytrichum piliferum, and the lichens Cladonia fimbriata and C. coccifera. RGB-images of the biocrusts were taken with a standard consumer camera Nikon 5200, BNDVI images with a modified Canon S110 NIR camera and chlorophyll fluorescence images with a modular open FluorCAM FC 800-O/1010, respectively. BNDVI and Fv/Fm were nearly in the same range for all biocrust samples related to the total surface area. Although mosses showed higher BNDVI than lichens within the separate biocrust samples. F0 and Fm increased with species coverage and with advancing biocrust development. Overlapping of BNDVI with F0 and Fm images showed that not all crustal organisms contribute to BNDVI and chlorophyll fluorescence. The overlapping areas of BNDVI and F0 ranged between 13% and 29%, that of BNDVI and Fm between 17% and 47%. Matching of RGB, BNDVI and CFI allows visualizing spatial pattern with high or low photosynthesis in biocrusts. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2018.04.001 SN - 1873-1511 VL - 68 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Herppich, Werner B. T1 - Comparative ecophysiology of the leaf-succulents Augea capensis (C3) and Malephora purpureo-crocea (CAM) in the Knersvlakte, Succulent Karoo, South Africa T2 - Flora N2 - The generally accepted assumption that CAM is an important adaptation to the drought conditions in arid deserts is mainly based on studies in controlled environments comparing the respective photosynthetic pathways in plants of different morphology. Comparative long-term field studies on the ecophysiology of C3- and CAM succulents co-occurring in the same desert habitat are too rare to satisfactorily answer the old question whether the metabolic pathway or the succulence is more important to guarantee survival in such a harsh habitat. Thus, relevant ecophysiological parameters were repeatedly monitored on plants of the leaf succulents Augea capensis (C3) and Malephora purpureo-crocea (CAM), which commonly dominate a habitat in the Knersvlakte, Namaqualand, South Africa. Under identical conditions in the same habitat, carbon gain of the C3 species was higher than that of the CAM plant, but their WUE lower and maximum photosynthetic activity nearly the same. In M. purpureo-crocea, irrigation induced rapid whole day stomatal opening at drastically increased daytime but decreased night-time CO2-uptake, while respective responses of the C3 species were delayed. These different response dynamics were due to different rooting depth, root morphology and water acquisition strategy of the flat rooting CAM and the deep-rooting C3 species. This, however, may not explain the highly similar growth success. Anyway, the results verify that CAM provides no advantage over C3 for long-term survival in the same desert environment in morphologically similar succulents. KW - Mode of photosynthesis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2021.151807 SN - 1618-0585 SN - 0367-2530 VL - 278 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Griebenow, Stian A1 - Makunga, Nokwanda P. A1 - Privett, Sean A1 - Strauss, Paula A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Kleinert, Aleysia A1 - Valentine, Alexander J. T1 - Soil pH influences the organic acid metabolism and exudation in cluster roots of protea species from the Mediterranean-type fynbos ecosystem, Western Cape, South Africa T2 - Rhizosphere N2 - In nutrient-poor ecosystems, certain plant families have evolved specific adaptations for phosphate acquisition, namely cluster roots or proteoid roots. Cluster rooted species have a unique suite of adaptations that enable them to survive in nutrient poor ecosystems, such as the Fynbos biome of South Africa. The Fynbos biome has heterogeneous soils which caused radiation of varying soil pH within small localised areas. Previous studies on cluster rooted species ignored the possibility that cluster root functioning may differ at varying soil pH levels and soil types. Therefore, two native Fynbos protea species, Protea cynaroides (L.) L. and Protea obtusifolia H.Buek ex Meisn. were compared to assess the impact of different soil pH levels on organic acid metabolism and exudation in cluster rooted species. Our results show that cluster roots of the acidic-soil grown P. cynaroides is more effective and more efficient than that of the alkaline-soil grown P. obtusifolia. Our findings indicate that the mechanisms for P acquisition vary greatly, depending on substrate and plant organ type. This suggests that the metabolism of each species is adapted to specific soil pH and that these species have evolutionary adapted their P acquisition mechanisms for these extreme soils. The limited nutrient availability and variation in soil pH South African soils has led to various localised adaptations for cluster rooted species. KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrient poor ecosystems KW - Root research Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452219822000167 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2022.100486 VL - Vol. 21 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Littmann, Thomas A1 - Kunneke, Anton A1 - Du Toit, Ben A1 - Seifert, Thomas T1 - Windbreaks as part of climate-smart landscapes reduce evapotranspiration in vineyards, Western Cape Province, South Africa T2 - Plant, Soil and Environment N2 - Under the conditions of climate change in South Africa, ecological and technical measures are needed to reduce the water consumption of irrigated crops. Windbreak hedges are long-rated systems in agriculture that significantly reduce wind speed. Their possibilities to reduce evapotranspiration and water demand are being investigated at a vineyard in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Detailed measurements of meteorological parameters relevant for the computation of reference and crop-specific evapotranspiration following the FAO 56 approaches within a vineyard in the Western Cape Province of South Africa have shown the beneficial effect of an existing hedgerow consisting of 6 m high poplars (Populus simonii (Carrière) Wesm.). With reference to a control station in the open field, the mean wind speed in a position about 18 m from the hedgerow at canopy level (2 m) was reduced by 27.6% over the entire year and by 39.2% over the summer growing season. This effect leads to a parallel reduction of reference evapotranspiration of 15.5% during the whole year and of 18.4% over the growing season. When applying empirical crop-specific Kc values for well-irrigated grapes, the reduction of evapotranspiration is 18.8% over the summer growth period. The introduced tree shelterbelts are a suitable eco-engineering approach to reduce water consumption and to enhance water saving in vineyards. KW - dry areas KW - viticulture KW - climate change KW - agroforestry Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/web/pse.htm?type=article&id=616_2019-PSE U6 - https://doi.org/10.17221/616/2019-PSE SN - 1214-1178 SN - 1805-9368 VL - 66 IS - 3 SP - 119 EP - 127 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Kholiavko, Tatiana A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Soil respiration responses of moss and lichen biocoenoses to moderate and severe rain events after summer drought in a temperate early-successional ecosystem T2 - Ecohydrology N2 - It is commonly accepted that CO2 efflux increases with soil water content in aerated soils and that rewetting after periods of soil drying can result in respiration pulses. It has further been shown that soil pores may become water logged which can impede soil gas exchange. The present study aimed to quantify the carbon response of moss (Polytrichum piliferum) and lichen (Cladonia coniocraea) biocoenoses to different quantities of rain in an artificial catchment, which granted that the starting point of the development of both biocoenoses was the same. To address this aim, we conducted in situ soil moisture and soil respiration measurements, where soil respiration was hypothesised to emerge from a cryptogamic vegetation layer and from mineral soil beneath. We found that higher water-holding capacity of the moss layer and higher accumulation of organic matter in the upper mineral soil under mosses result in higher amounts of water stored near the surface. As a consequence, evaporation of water as well as pulses of CO2 efflux after moderate rain following a period of drought were higher in the moss biocoenosis, where the upper mineral soil was of key importance. In contrast, the lichen biocoenosis facilitated penetration of rainwater into the deep soil. Superimposing rewetting pulses, near-saturation of soil pores with water after severe rain resulted in gas exchange inhibition and diminished soil respiration until subsequent aeration in both biocoenoses KW - biocrusts KW - Hühnerwasser KW - respiration KW - soils Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2578 SN - 1936-0592 VL - 16 IS - 7 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geldenhuys, Heinrich A1 - Lötze, Elmi A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Fruit Quality and Yield of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) in Orchards with Different Windbreaks in the Western Cape, South Africa T2 - Erwerbs-Obstbau N2 - Windbreaks, trees, structures, and shade nets are used in South Africa to protect citrus orchards from wind scar damage to avoid major losses in export quality. Severe southeasterly winds in the Western Cape during spring and summer are the main causes of significant external peel damage. In this study, wind scar damage of ‘Tango’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) fruit was quantified at different distances from established Casuarina cunninghamiana (Beefwood) and Populus simonii (Chinese Poplar) windbreaks around Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. The yield efficiency was not significantly affected by distance from the windbreak in either of the trials. Fruit at 2 H and 3 H had significantly lower ratios of total soluble solids to titratable acidity, but export standards for mandarins were still met. The wind speed was consistently higher at 16 H, compared with 3 H during summer. The highest packout (class 1 fruit) was observed near the windbreak (3 H) and decreased as the distance increased towards 10 H and 16 H. There were no significant differences for severe wind scar damage incidence between the distance treatments. Our results confirmed the impact of wind on external fruit quality and the limitation of tree-based windbreaks with an increase in distance, which partly supports the current movement towards full enclosure of orchards with shade nets. KW - Agroforestry KW - Citrus orchards KW - yield KW - South Africa Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00725-3 SN - 1439-0302 VL - 65 (2023) IS - 4 SP - 959 EP - 969 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Halke, Christian A1 - Garbe, Daniel A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Einfluss von Stickstoffdüngung und Kompost auf Photosynthese und Wachstum der Virginiamalve (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby) T2 - Journal für Kulturpflanzen N2 - Als mehrjährige Bioenergiepflanze kann Sida hermaphrodita eine wichtige Rolle für den Anbau auf marginalen Standorten in der nahen Zukunft spielen. In einem kontrollierten Topfexperiment wurde der Einfluss von verschiedenen Kompostgehalten (10, 20, 30, 50%) und mineralischem Stickstoffdünger (100 kg N ha–1) auf Biomasse, Wuchshöhe und Kohlenstoffallokation während der Etablierungsphase untersucht. Weiterhin wurden ökophysiologische Parameter (Gaswechsel, Chlorophyllfluoreszenz, Chlorophyllgehalte) mit nicht-destruktiven Methoden bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse des Experimentes zeigen, dass sowohl die Stickstoffdüngung als auch die Kompostgabe positive Effekte für das Wachstumsverhalten hat. Während der Etablierungsphase erreichten die gedüngten Pflanzen eine mittlere Pflanzenhöhe von bis zu 127 cm (maximale Wuchshöhe 168 cm). Die Photosynthese wurde nicht durch die unterschiedlichen Behandlungen beeinflusst. Die mittlere CO2-Austauschrate variiert zwischen 5,8 und 9,9 μmol m–2 s–1 und die Elektronentransportrate zwischen 34,5 und 53,9 μmol m–2 s–1. Die Verwendung von Kompost und Stickstoff ist für eine bessere Biomasseproduktion von Sida in marginalen Böden möglich, auch wenn das Wachstum im ersten Jahr limitiert ist und es negative Rückwirkungen auf die Bestandesetablierung gibt. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1399/JFK.2016.12.13 SN - 1867-0911 SN - 1867-0938 VL - 68 IS - 12 SP - 423 EP - 428 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kidron, Giora J. A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Lichner, Lubomir T1 - Biological factors impacting hydrological processes: Pecularities of plants and biological soil crusts T2 - Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics N2 - The effects of biological factors on the water cycle and subsequently on hydrological processes have wide and profound consequences on ecosystem structure, function and management. A profound understanding of their effects is of prime importance especially in light of climate change projection KW - Biological soil crusts Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2478/johh-2021-0031 SN - 1338-4333 VL - 69 IS - 4 SP - 357 EP - 359 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Küppers, Manfred A1 - Küppers, Barbara I. L. A1 - Horna, Viviana A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Zimmermann, Reiner A1 - Lauerer, Marianne A1 - Aas, Gregor T1 - Green barks of trees from drought deciduous forests ("bosque seco") in northern Peru/southern Ecuador do not perform CAM T2 - Basic and Applied Dryland research N2 - Trees from drought deciduous forests (“bosque seco”) in northern Peru and southern Ecuador regularly shed their leaves at the onset of seven months-long periods without rain. This way they very effectively reduce the bulk water consumption by leaf transpiration, still loosing small amounts of water through their bark, but at the risk of too little or no carbon gain when leaf-less. Seven species studied here have good developed green cortex tissue on stems and axes, as especially evident for the “bottle tree” Ceiba trischistandra (A. Gray) Bakhuisen (Bombacaceae). In several leaf-less tree species at the end of summer drought, when xylem sap flows are very low, indications of higher xylem flows at night as compared to day-time were found, which led to the question of whether the trees are capable of performing CAM in their axes. However, although quite low in some cases, the pH of the cortex tissues did not fluctuate diurnally. In addition, no night-time carbon uptake could be observed. Although no net carbon gain was measured in C. trischistandra and Erythrina smithiana Krukoff (Fabaceae) photosynthetic activity of the green cortex was sufficient to re-assimilate between 50% to 60% of the carbon released by mitochondrial respiration. In contrast, the obligate CAM plant Cereus diffusus (Britton & Rose) Werdermann (Cactaceae), which was studied as a reference in the same environment, showed both diurnal pH-fluctuations in its green tissue with lowest values before sun rise, and net carbon fixation at night. Y1 - 2015 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280945188 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/badr/2015/0002 SN - 1864-3191 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Biologische Bodenkrusten - Pioniere der Böden T2 - Naturmagazin Berlin - Brandenburg N2 - Nach extremen Störungen durch Brände, Vulkanausbrüchen und Hangrutschungen, aber auch menschlichen Eingriffen werden Böden mehr oder weniger zerstört und vegetationsarm. Es entstehen sogenannte initiale Rohböden, die durch Veränderung der Bodenstruktur, Minderung der Wasserhaltekapazität als auch durch Nährstoffarmut extrem beeinflusst werden. Dabei haben anfängliche und nährstoffarme Ökosysteme, wie Grasländer und Offenlandschaften, aus Sicht des Naturschutzes einen hohen Wert für die Landschaft und sind in der intensiv genutzten Kulturlandschaft Mitteleuropas selten geworden. Insbesondere bieten Binnendünen, wie sie in Norddeutschland häufig sind, Potenzial für die Entwicklung von initialen Lebensräumen mit ihren spezifisch angepassten Pflanzen. Neben den Pionierarten werden die Rohböden, wie sie nach Störungen entstehen, zuerst durch verschiedene blütenlose Pflanzen, den sogenannten Kryptogamen, besiedelt. KW - Störungen KW - Biologische Bodenkrusten KW - Sanddünen KW - Brandenburg Y1 - 2022 SN - 0935-7602 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 14 EP - 15 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lebzien, Stefan A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fechner, H. A1 - Koning, Laurie Anne A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - The Giant Knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis var. Igniscum) as a new plant resource for biomass production for bioenergy T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna, Austria Y1 - 2012 N1 - EGU2012-6060 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Kattenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ma, Yunyao A1 - Weber, Bettina A1 - Raggio Quílez, José A1 - Colesie, Claudia A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Bader, Maaike Y. A1 - Porada, Philipp T1 - Determining key drivers of the annual carbon budget of biocrusts in different climatic zones T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria & Online | 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Biocrusts are distributed over all climate zones of the world and they substantially contribute to ecosystem functioning. Their growth, determined by their carbon balance, can be affected by various climatic drivers. The effects of individual drivers are clear from laboratory experiments, but the relative importance of different drivers along climatic gradients and their underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Moreover, the effects of seasonal acclimation on the annual carbon balance are not fully understood either. Therefore, we aim at determining the level and variation of annual biocrust carbon balances and their connection to climatic drivers along environmental gradients. In addition, we explore the role that acclimation plays in the carbon balance of biocrusts KW - biocrusts, photosynthesis, carbon Y1 - 2022 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-3714.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-3714 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Grey, Kerry-Anne A1 - Gottschalk, Nadine A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - Midgley, Guy F. T1 - Can shelterbelt trees reduce evapotranspiration and ecophysiological stress in irrigated vineyards and citrus orchards? A transcontinental experiment in the Western Cape, South Africa and Lower Lusatia, Germany T2 - Landscape 2021 - Diversity for Sustainable and Resilient Agriculture N2 - In the context of ongoing climate change and increasing population, there is an urgent need to optimize the water consumption of surface and groundwater in agricultural production. In recent years, intensive irrigated viticulture and horticulture have faced increasing demand pressure in many water-limited areas including the Western Cape Province in South Africa. Shelterbelts of trees are often used to reduce wind speed and water demands as an eco-engineering measure directly influencing soil evaporation and crop transpiration. Objectives are (i) to evaluate the extent of impacts of wind speed from shelterbelts at canopy level in citrus orchards and vineyards (ii) to assess the wind effects at leaf level including leaf temperature and related ecophysiological performance in irrigated vineyards. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34333.03043 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Thiede, Julia ED - Klein-Rauthake, Theresa T1 - Importance of P limitation for the C:N:P ratio in Robinia plantations on marginal sites T2 - GfÖ 2019, Science Meets Practice, 49th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, university of Münster, 9-13 September 2019 N2 - Due to disturbances of soils after open-cast lignite mining activities in the Lusatian mining district, Northeast Germany, large areas covered with excavated and dumped material. These initial soils are characterized by a lack of nutrients and organic matter which is why Robinia pseudoacacia was established during reclamation of those marginal sites. As a pioneer species, Robinia is well suitable for the establishment on reclaimed forest ecosystems due to the N fixation capability and its ability to grow on a nutrient-poor sandy substrate with low water holding capacity. Since the N requirement of the Robinia can be covered by symbiotic nodule bacteria, P is important as a growth-limiting nutrient. Even though the total and available P in soils increased with the age of the plantings (planted between 1995 and 2007), the ratio of available to total P decreased relative to younger plantings. Despite the accumulation of organic matter and the decomposition of organic bound P, the bioavailability is affected by ad- and desorption processes, especially on Fe- and Al-hydroxides. It was hypothesized that the P demand of young trees, initially provided by a one-time fertilizer application, exceeds the P supply by mineralization over time. As a first step, kinetics of P desorption from synthetic Fe- and Al-hydroxides were characterized by using humic acid as a model organic compound, to detect fast and slow releasable P over time. At the Robinia sites, soil samples were examined at different depth with regard to their C, N and P concentrations. From the first results, we can conclude that the P availability and its limitation influences the growth performance of Robinia as well as the N-fixing symbiotic bacteria and, thus, the C:N:P ratio as a long-term effect on an ecosystem scale. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.gfoe-conference.de/WEBS/GFOe2019.pages.download/Book_of_Abstracts2019.pdf SP - 82 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Diez, Miriam A1 - Boelli, Daniel A1 - Wachendorf, Magnus A1 - Küppers, Manfred A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Monitoring of biocrust development and physiological activity in disturbed ecosystems in Central Europe T2 - Biocrust 4 - 4th International Workshop on Biological Soil Crusts N2 - In many ecosystems of the earth, biocrusts influence the successive development of vegetation through their influence on the soil formation. This change in soil structure, e.g. due to the accumulation of organic material and the ability of biological nitrogen fixation, results in significant feedback and controls of ecosystem processes, especially in arid regions. In Brandenburg, located in NE Germany, the dry grasslands on sand dunes and the post-mining landscapes, characterized by edaphic drought and lack of nutrients as well as disturbances, are ecologically interesting locations for investigations of the biocrusts. In recent years, the species composition, structure, N-fixation, C-fluxes, and accumulation as well as their soil hydrological properties of biocrusts have been characterized and ecophysiological measurements of biocrust activity and CO2 exchange of different biocrust types under standardized environmental conditions have been performed in the laboratory. These ecophysiological measurements were correlated for the first time with NDVI measurements using a modified consumer camera, thus enabling a spatial analysis of the photosynthesis hotspots and a transfer from the lab into the landscape. The development and physiological activity of biocrusts are significantly influenced by microclimatic boundary conditions and moisture-dry cycles. The duration of these moisture phases is decisive for their spatial and temporal development and for the differentiation of the developmental stages. The permanent recording of moisture in the biocrusts in the uppermost millimeters using a newly developed biocrust wetness sensor in combination with NDVI measurements enable detailed information about biocrust activities and carbon fluxes. These continuous measurements of NDVI and physiological activity with PRI sensors allows determining seasonal activity phases in relation to microclimatological site conditions. More recent technological developments in sensor technology make it possible to carry out detailed and cost-effective investigations of the biocrust activity over the course of the year. KW - biological soil crusts KW - physiological activity KW - ecosystem development Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.11042.99523 VL - 2019 CY - North Stradbroke Island, Queensland , Australia ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Hotspot biocrusts: Combining chlorophyll fluorescence and NDVI to analyze spatial and temporal variations of photosynthesis T2 - GfÖ 2019, Science Meets Practice, 49th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, university of Münster, 9-13 September 2019 N2 - Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) play an important role as pioneering organisms on initial soils and in open landscapes after natural and human disturbances. Even though they only cover the topsoil, biocrusts are key drivers for biogeochemical and ecological processes and influencing ecosystem development. Microclimatic conditions, texture, water holding capacity, and chemical soil properties lead to the formation of spatial patterns. Sandy nutrient-poor soils in pine forests in the open-cast lignite mining district in Brandenburg are covered by biocrust, dominated by different functional types and species (e.g. algae, mosses, lichens). The photosynthetic activity of these poikilohydric organisms, strongly depending on moisture, affects biocrust function and their impact on soil C pools and dynamics. Therefore, the evaluation of photosynthesis in relation to the spatial distribution pattern variation is fundamental. For this purpose, we combined different remote sensing techniques, spectral reflectance sensors, and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to analyze the photosynthetic dynamics in relation to biocrust species composition and wetness. Desiccation of the biocrusts was detected with a miniature moisture sensor and related to their activity. A low-cost consumer grade camera was used to determine NDVI and to map the distribution and heterogeneity of chlorophyll for a comprehensive characterization of spatial photosynthetic activity pattern. Basic as well as maximum fluorescence, the maximum photochemical efficiency, and NDVI decreased during desiccation of the biocrusts, whereby moss and moss/lichen biocrusts showed higher water holding capacities relative to green algae biocrusts. The combination of different sensor technologies is a powerful tool for monitoring long-term biocrust development and their implication for soil C dynamics. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.gfoe-conference.de/WEBS/GFOe2019.pages.download/Book_of_Abstracts2019.pdf SP - 199 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dietz, Miriam A1 - Küppers, Manfred A1 - Wachendorf, Magnus A1 - Stefan, Thorsten A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Gypser, Stella T1 - Modelling photosynthesis and carbon fluxes of moss- and lichen-dominated biological soil crusts in temperate dry acid grasslands in Brandenburg T2 - GfÖ 2019, Science Meets Practice, 49th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, university of Münster, 9-13 September 2019 N2 - Top soils in temperate climates are regularly covered by cryptogames. Depending on the climatic and environmental conditions and their development stage, these biocrusts are built up by different species of cyanobacteria, bacteria, green algae, mosses, liverworts, lichens and fungi, which crosslink the uppermost soil particles. Biocrusts create a thin surface layer of high biotic activity, with high C and nutrient pools and fluxes to deeper soil layers, where the soil tends to be biotically and biogeochemically less active. Changes in soil structure, e.g. due to the accumulation of organic material and the ability of biological nitrogen fixation, result in significant feedback and control of biogeochemical processes. We analysed the response of photosynthesis and respiration to changing temperature and light in two moss-and lichen-dominated soil crusts from a dry acid grassland in the vicinity of a pine forest in Brandenburg, Germany. For the estimation of carbon fluxes, we combined lab-based CO2 gas exchange measurements and continuous determination of biocrust drying and rewetting cycles under field conditions. These experiments facilitated the development of an empirical photosynthesis model that allows for an estimation of the carbon dynamics of biological soil crusts based on their ecophysiological performance. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.gfoe-conference.de/WEBS/GFOe2019.pages.download/Book_of_Abstracts2019.pdf SP - 223 CY - Münster ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Mirck, Jaconette A1 - Schmitt, Dieter A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Einfluss agroforstlicher Nutzung auf das Mikroklima, den Ackerfruchtertrag und die potentielle Evaporation T2 - Bäume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beiträgen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske) N2 - Der folgende Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, inwieweit sich mikroklimatische Änderungen in einem Agroforstsystem (AFS) bedingt durch die Gehölzkomponente kleinräumig auf die gemessene Evaporation sowie auf die Produktivität von Winterweizen (Triticum aestivum) auswirken. Hierfür wurden im Zeitraum von März bis August 2016 Untersuchungen auf einem ca. 40 ha großen Agroforstschlag und einer angrenzenden, konventionell bewirtschafteten Freifläche bei Neu Sacro (Landkreis Spree-Neiße, Brandenburg) durchgeführt. Neben mikroklimatischen Kenngrößen wie der Lufttemperatur, der relativen Luftfeuchte, der Windgeschwindigkeit und der Globalstrahlung wurde auch die Evaporation nach Piche bestimmt. Ergänzend wurden Ertragsmessungen zum Kornertrag und Messungen zum Blattflächenindex (LAI) des angebauten Winterweizens durchgeführt. Neben Änderungen der Tagesminima der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit im Nahbereich der Gehölzstreifen wurde eine Reduktion der durchschnittlichen Windgeschwindigkeit von bis zu 51 % gegenüber der Freifläche festgestellt. Die Minderung der Evaporation im Vergleich zur Freifläche betrug je nach Witterung bzw. Nähe zum Gehölzstreifen bis zu 58 % und wurde dabei maßgeblich durch die Windgeschwindigkeit beeinflusst. Räumliche Unterschiede ergaben sich auch bezüglich des Kornertrags sowie beim LAI. So fielen die Kornerträge im Agroforstsystem mit bis zu 9,2 t ha-1 gegenüber ca. 7,0 t ha-1 für die Referenzfläche überwiegend höher aus. Mit Ausnahme des Leebereichs in 3 m Entfernung zum Gehölzstreifen lagen auch die LAI-Werte des AFS über jenen der angrenzenden Freifläche. Diese ersten Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass in AFS durch Gehölzstrukturen neben der Windgeschwindigkeit auch die Wasserverdunstung im Bereich der angrenzenden Ackerkulturen gemindert werden kann. Die mikroklimatischen Unterschiede wirkten sich dabei potentiell auch positiv auf das Wachstumsverhalten bzw. den Ertrag des Winterweizens aus. Vor dem Hintergrund einer Verringerung der potentiellen Evaporation und einer hieraus resultierenden höheren Wasserverfügbarkeit für die Ackerkulturen könnte die agroforstliche Landnutzung zukünftig auch für trockenheitsgefährdete Gebiete Mitteleuropas eine vorteilhafte Anpassungsstrategie des Ackerbaus an den Klimawandel darstellen. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-41487 SN - 978-3-940471-27-7 SP - 127 EP - 131 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Halke, Christian ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Ökophysiologische Plastizität der Photosynthese von Robinien (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) und Hybrid-Pappeln (Populus nigra L. x P. maximowiczii Henry) bei Hitzestress und Sommertrockenheit in der Niederlausitz T2 - Bäume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beiträgen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske) N2 - Mit der Zunahme von extremen Witterungsereignissen ist die Auswahl von angepassten Baumarten und Klonen von großer Bedeutung für den Agrarholzanbau in der Lausitz. So zählte der Sommer 2015 zu den drittwärmsten Sommern in Deutschland mit langanhaltenden Trockenzeiten und Hitzeperioden auch in Brandenburg. Die ökophysiologischen Reaktionen von Robinien und Hybrid-Pappeln (Klon Max 1) auf Hitze- und Trockenstress wurden in einem Agroforstsystem bei Neu Sacro, Brandenburg untersucht. Die ökophysiologische Anpassungsfähigkeit wurde hinsichtlich der Photosyntheseleistung (Chlorophyllfluoreszenz), dem Wasserpotential, der 13C/12C Diskriminierung und dem Blatt-N-Gehalt untersucht. Gut wasserversorgte Bäume der beiden Arten zeigten keine wesentlichen Einschränkungen in Bezug auf die Photosyntheseleistung und dem Nährstoffhaushalt, da am Standort ein Grundwasseranschluss auch während der Trockenheit gewährleistet war. Bedingt durch kleinräumige Bodenheterogenitäten kann es allerdings auch örtlich zu Wassermangel kommen. An diesen Standorten zeigten die Pappeln deutliche morphologische und ökophysiologische Anzeichen von Trockenstress. Bei der sommerlichen Hitze zeigte die Photosynthese der beiden Baumarten eine hohe Plastizität. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-940471-27-7 SP - 144 EP - 157 CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Application of chlorophyll fluorescence, CO2 gas exchange, and NDVI for the detection of spatial variances of photosynthesis of biological soil crusts on anthropogenic degraded soils T2 - 3rd International Workshop on Biological Soil Crusts BIOCRUST3, September 26-30, 2016, Star Hall-Moab, Utah, USA N2 - Degradation of soils and the destruction of vegetation as a result of anthropogenic disturbances affect ecosystem functions and properties worldwide. In Brandenburg (NE Germany) various ecosystems were degraded by different human activities like surface mining and military activities on sand dunes. These resulted in degraded open landscapes with an initial soil development. These new ecosystems are characterized by a high vulnerability to erosion, low water holding capacity, lack of nutrients, or low pH. For rehabilitation of degraded soils and vegetation, these post-mining and mobile sand dunes need specific restoration measures, but beside inappropriate soil characteristics, insufficient water availability can limit plant growth. Even located in the temperate zone of Europe, Brandenburg belongs to the driest regions in Germany and faces long drought periods. In this context, the determination of the influence of biocrusts on carbon accumulation during initial ecosystem succession, small-scale investigations on photosynthetic capacity and active phase regarding biocrust formation and developmental stage, which vary from initial green algae-crusts to biocrusts dominated by soil lichens or mosses, are necessary. Hence, succession of biocrusts result in a spatiotemporal heterogeneity and distribution pattern. We could show that varying species abundance, composition, and crust succession affect photosynthetic capacity, and hence, carbon fixation capability. Different spatial hotspots could be analyzed under field conditions and monitored during the season. Long-term measurements of climatic parameters, which include radiation, temperature, precipitation, and desiccation of biocrusts, will be linked to photosynthetic performances under lab conditions. This spatial model can help to understand the impact of biocrusts on carbon accumulation in initial soils. Due to the potential to colonize soil surface under harsh conditions without human support, advantages of biocrusts can be used systematically as a supporting rehabilitation measure for physical stabilization, gain of organic carbon, and hence, facilitates the growth of indigenous vegetation during primary succession. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.nau.edu/uploadedFiles/Centers-Institutes/Merriam-Powell/BioCrust3/_Forms/Compiled%20BioCrust3%20abstracts_Oct%2027.pdf SP - 24 EP - 25 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kleefeld, Andreas A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Robuste and strukturerhaltende Bildentrauschung via Medianfilterung und Bildsegmentierung T2 - 20. und 21. Workshop Computer-Bildanalyse in der Landwirtschaft, 3. Workshop Unbemannte Autonom Fliegende Systeme (UAS) in der Landwirtschaft, 26. Mai 2014, Osnabrück 07. Mai 2015, Braunschweig Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:186-opus4-75951 SP - 92 EP - 100 PB - ATB, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik CY - Potsdam-Bornim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Palma, Joao H. N. T1 - Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) adaptability and plasticity to drought T2 - 2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany N2 - Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a pioneer tree species which grows under a wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions. It is native from North America and its original range is a climatic region classified as humid to sub-humid, with a mean annual precipitation of 1.020 to 1.830 mm. However, in Central Europe the species has proven to be relatively drought tolerant in comparison to other temperate deciduous tree species. In the State of Brandenburg (Germany) for instance, with a continental climate and annual precipitation below 600 mm, the species has been successfully cropped for wood production for more than 250 years. The tree notably grows also in post-mining recultivated sites where soil water availability is limited and in spring and summer drought can occur. The importance of the species has increased over the lasts decades, after the CO2 reduction policy spread across the world, just as did the need for further sources for renewable energy. Therefore, due to its adaptability to water constraints, its fast growing and resprouting rate, together with the ability of nitrogen fixation, black locust could become a key species for short-rotation plantation on marginal land. Several studies have been already carried out to quantify the production and water use efficiency of the black locust. However, the effect of water scarcity on biomass production and the plant’s response to drought stress has still to be examined. In ourinvestigation we aim to evaluate the growth performance and the ecophysiological response of black locust to water limitation. The study of the soil-plant-atmosphere system for the evaluation of the relation between water availability, atmospheric evaporative demand and plant water status is critical to identify the ecophysiological adaptation and growth response in relation to different edaphic and climatic conditions. Different irrigation regimes and cycles of drought were chosen, to test the plant’s performance in a lysimeter experiment for the duration of two vegetation periods, under semi-controlled environmental conditions. The results obtained from studies were satisfactory. We assessed the drought tolerance and resilience of black locust, together with its water use efficiency. Both at whole-plant and leaf level the link between the soil water retention, plant water status and growth rate has been elucidated and the intertwined relation between primary production, transpiration, CO2 uptake and water limitation, together with the evaporative atmospheric demand, has been clarified. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.repository.utl.pt/handle/10400.5/6764 SN - 978-972-97874-4-7 SP - 264 EP - 265 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Palma, Joao H. N. T1 - Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in agroforestry systems: spatial and temporal variation of the plant water status and growth T2 - 2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany N2 - Short-rotation forestry and agroforestry systems have the potential to become an ecologically valuable and economically profitable land use alternative on marginal lands. Therefore, our project focuses on determining the water demand for biomass production of black locust in the Lusatia region (Eastern Germany). The area is characterized by relative low annual rainfall (560-600 mm/yr) and drought periods during spring and summer. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is planted in short rotation plantations as well as in agroforestry systems at reclaimed post-mining sites of the opencast mining area “Welzow Süd” and on a conventionally managed field near the town Forst (both study sites are located about 120 km to the south of Berlin). Due to mining activities the ground water table in “Welzow-Süd” is below 100 m, while on the field site in Forst the ground water table is about 2 m below the soil surface. Because of the water accessibility directly affecting the yield, it is crucial to identify the spatial variation of the soil water availability and its influence on black locust growth. The main question of this study is how the drought periods affect black locust’s growth and recovery and about the drought mitigation effect obtainable by an accessible water table. The growth rate is being estimated monthly by measuring the maximum height and the trunk diameter at 10 and 130 cm. Furthermore, several trees are equipped with dendrometers to record their diameter increment in daily intervals. The pre-dawn water potential for selected trees is evaluated periodically to quantify plant water stress and relate it to the growth pattern. Water availability and microclimatic condition are monitored continuously. At the end of the vegetation period, information gathered from the field will be used to develop a growth model to link the soil water availability and plant water status with the growth rate of the trees. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.repository.utl.pt/handle/10400.5/6764 SN - 978-972-97874-4-7 SP - 263 EP - 264 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Quinkenstein, Ansgar A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Estimation of biological nitrogen fixation by black locust in short-rotation forests using natural 15N abundance method T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna N2 - The importance of short rotation forests and agroforestry systems for woody biomass production for bioenergy will increase in Central Europe within the next decades. In this context, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) has a high growth potential especially at marginal, drought-susceptible sites such as occur in Brandenburg State (Eastern Germany). As a pioneer tree species black locust grows under a wide range of site conditions. The native range of black locust in Northern America is classified by a humid to sub-humid climate with a mean annual precipitation of 1020 to 1830 mm. In Central and Eastern Europe, this species is cultivated in a more continental climate with an annual precipitation often below 600 mm. Therefore, black locust is known to be relatively drought tolerant compared to other temperate, deciduous tree species. Because of its N2-fixation ability black locust plays generally an important role for the improvement of soil fertility. This effect is of particular interest at marginal sites in the post-mining landscapes. In order to estimate the N2-fixation potential of black locust at marginal sites leaf samples were taken from black locust trees in short rotation plantations planted between 1995 and 2007 in post-mining sites south of Cottbus (Brandenburg, NE Germany). The variation of the natural 15N abundance was measured to evaluate the biological nitrogen fixation. The nitrogen derived from the atmosphere can be calculated using a two-pool model from the quotient of the natural 15N abundances of the N2-fixing plant and the plant available soil N. Because representatively determining the plant available soil N is difficult, a non-N2-fixing reference plant growing at the same site with a similar root system and temporal N uptake pattern to the N2-fixing plant is often used. In our case we used red oak (Quercus rubra) as a reference. The average nitrogen content in the leaves of black locust ranged from 3.1% (C/N 14.8) in 15 years old trees to 3.4% (C/N 14.4) in 3 year-old trees, respectively. A higher content of nitrogen was found in leaves of re-sprouted trees with 4.3% (C/N 11.5). The estimated percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (% NdfA) in black locust was 63% – 83% compared to 56% in seabuckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) and 79% in common broom (Genista scuparia). The annual leaf biomass production of black locust varied between 1325 (2 years old trees) and 2576 kg/ha a (4 years old trees). The estimated leaf nitrogen fixed by Robinia was approx. 30.5 - 59.2 kg/ha a. From the results, we can conclude that the biological nitrogen fixation by Robina is an important factor for the nitrogen balance of short-rotation plantations on nutrient poor-soils. Y1 - 2012 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2012/EGU2012-4186.pdf N1 - EGU2012-4186 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dümig, Alexander A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Hagedorn, Frank A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid T1 - Biological soil crusts on initial soils: organic carbon dynamics and chemistry under temperate climatic conditions T2 - Biogeosciences Discussion Y1 - 2012 SN - 1810-6285 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 851 EP - 894 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Functions of biological soil crusts on central European inland dunes:Water repellency and pore clogging influence water infiltration T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-4449.pdf N1 - EGU2010-4449 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Hydrophobicity in sandy soils triggered by the development of Scots Pine stands in southern Brandenburg, Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-4154.pdf N1 - EGU2010-4154 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Development of top soil on quaternary inland dunes - How important are microorganisms? T2 - Gletscher, Wasser, Mensch – quartärer Landschaftswandel im peribaltischen Raum, 35. Hauptversammlung der DEUQUA e.V., 12th Annual Conference of the INQUA PeriBaltic Working Group, 13.-17.9.2010., Greifswald Y1 - 2010 SP - 163 EP - 164 PB - Lehrstuhl Physische Geographie, Inst. für Geographie und Geologie der Univ. Greifswald CY - Greifswald ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Schaaf, Wolfgang ED - Bliemelt, Detlef ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil water T2 - Initial development of the artificial catchment "Chicken Creek" : monitoring program and survey 2005-2008 Y1 - 2010 UR - http://opus.kobv.de/btu/volltexte/2011/2073/ SP - 57 EP - 70 PB - Univ. of Technology, Research Center Landscape Development and Mining Landscapes CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Ukonmaanaho, Liisa ED - Nieminen, Tiina Maileena ED - Starr, Michael T1 - The artificial catchment 'Chicken Creek' ('Hühnerwasser') as a tool for understanding the interactions of processes and structures of initial ecosystem development T2 - 6th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour BIOGEOMON 2009 Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2009/mwp128.pdf SN - 978-951-40-2177-0 SP - S. 332 PB - Finnish Forest Research Institute CY - Vantaa, Finland ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Dümig, Alexander A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Initial pedogenesis in a topsoil crust 3 years after construction of an artificial water catchment in Brandenburg, NE Germany T2 - Biogeochemistry N2 - Cyanobacteria and green algae present in biological soil crusts are able to colonize mineral substrates even under extreme environmental conditions. As pioneer organisms, they play a key role during the first phases of habitat colonization. A characteristic crust was sampled 3 years after installation of the artificial water catchment “Chicken creek”, thus representing an early successional stage of ecosystem development. Mean annual rainfall and temperature were 559 mm and 9.3°C, respectively. We combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) and infrared (FTIR) microscopy to study the contact zone of algal and cyanobacterial mucilage with soil minerals in an undisturbed biological soil crust and in the subjacent sandy substrate. The crust was characterized by an approximately 50 μm thick surface layer, where microorganisms resided and where mineral deposition was trapped, and by an approximately 2.5 mm thick lower crust where mineral particles were stabilized by organo-mineral structures. SEM/EDX microscopy was used to determine the spatial distribution of elements, organic compounds and minerals were identified using FTIR microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The concentration of organic carbon in the crust was about twice as much as in the parent material. Depletion of Fe, Al and Mn in the lower crust and in the subjacent 5 mm compared to the geological substrate was observed. This could be interpreted as the initial phase of podzolization. Existence of bridging structures between mineral particles of the lower crust, containing phyllosilicates, Fe compounds and organic matter (OM), may indicate the formation of organo-mineral associations. pH decreased from 8.1 in the original substrate to 5.1 on the crust surface 3 years after construction, pointing to rapid weathering of carbonates. Weathering of silicates could not be detected. Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9464-z SN - 1573-515X VL - 101 IS - 1-3 SP - 165 EP - 176 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Dew formation on the surface of biological soil crusts in central European sand ecosystems T2 - Biogeosciences discussions N2 - Dew formation was investigated in three developmental stages of biological soil crusts (BSC), which were collected along a catena of an inland dune and in the initial substrate. The Penman equation, which was developed for saturated surfaces, was modified for unsaturated surfaces and used for prediction of dewfall rates. The levels of surface saturation required for this approach were predicted using the water retention functions and the thicknesses of the BSCs. During a single event, dewfall increased with crust development from 0.08 kg m−2 for the initial substrate to 0.10, 0.20 and 0.25 kg m−2 for crusts stages 1 to 3, respectively, which was well reflected by the model response. The suggested mechanism of dew formation involves a delay in water saturation in near-surface soil pores and EPS where the crusts were thicker and where the water capacity was high, resulting in elevated vapor flux towards the surface. The results also indicate that the amount of dewfall was too low to observe water flow into deeper soil. Analysis of the soil water retention curves revealed that, despite the sandy mineral matrix, moist crusts with clogged by swollen EPS pores exhibited a clay-like behavior. It is hypothesized that BSCs gain double benefit from suppressing their competitors by runoff generation and from improving their water supply by dew collection. Despite higher amounts of dew, the water availability to the crust community decreases with crust development, which may be compensated by ecophysiological adaptation of crust organisms, and which may further suppress higher vegetation or mosses. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-8075-2012 VL - 9 SP - 8075 EP - 8092 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Biological topsoil crusts at early successional stages on Quaternary substrates dumped by mining in Brandenburg, NE Germany T2 - Geomorphologie: relief, processus, environnement N2 - The influence of biological soil crusts in natural ecosystems on structures and processes is well investigated. However, in South-Brandenburg (Germany), it is possible to study the development of biological soil crusts (BSC) during initial ecosystem genesis on two artificial water catchments with well-known ages and under differing starting conditions. The two experimental sites are located in the recultivation area of the lignite open-cast mining district of southern Brandenburg with a distance of approximately 1 km between them. Two different topographies were constructed at the experimental sites: the experimental plot at the catchment Neuer Lugteich was shaped like a dune, whereas the artificial water catchment Hühnerwasser was modelled as an inclined slope. The catchment Neuer Lugteich is four years older than Hühnerwasser. The original substrate at Neuer Lugteich is more sandy and carbonate-free compared to the original substrate dumped at Hühnerwasser. At both sites geomorphological differentiation and crust development were compared and the importance of substrate-dependent water availability and crust type clarified. Once settled, the crusts influenced the water regime of the soils by delaying infiltration through enhanced water repellency, and by limiting water infiltration. Chlorophyll analysis revealed that all crusts were at early stages of development. At Neuer Lugteich, the establishment of the biological soil crusts was closely associated with the vegetation succession, whereas no clear succession of the crusts could be observed at Hühnerwasser. The mosaic-like pattern of the biological soils crusts is associated with the distribution of fine-grained material here.zeige weniger Y1 - 2010 UR - http://geomorphologie.revues.org/8083 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.8083 SN - 1957-777X VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 359 EP - 370 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matos, Eduardo da Silva A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Slazak, Anna A1 - Bachmann, Ute A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Organic-carbon and nitrogen stocks and organic-carbon fractions in soils under mixed pine and oak forest stands of different ages in NE Germany T2 - Journal of plant nutrition and soil science Y1 - 2010 SN - 1522-2624 VL - 173 IS - 5 SP - 654 EP - 661 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dümig, Alexander A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Hagedorn, Frank A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid T1 - Organic matter from biological soil crusts induces the initial formation of sandy temperate soils T2 - Catena N2 - Different development stages of algae-dominated and moss-dominated biological soil crusts (BSCs) were sampled on a natural sand dune (b17 years old) and on an experimental sand dune (b8 years old) along a catena, including gradients of vegetation cover, location on the slope, as well as composition and thickness of BSC organisms in northeastern Germany. The accumulation of BSC-derived organic carbon (OC)was determined for bulk materials and fractions less than 63 μm. The OC composition was characterized by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy and the carbohydrate-C signature. 14C contents were determined to assess the origin and dynamics of OC. From the radiocarbon contents, two OC pools were differentiated: recent BSC-derived and lignite-derived “old” OC. Downward movement of OC into the underlying substratewas found only undermoss-dominated BSCs at the old sand dune. BSC-derived OC was mainly composed of carbohydrate-C and, to a lesser extent, alkyl C and N-alkyl C, with considerably higher contributions of alkyl C in the young dune, indicating differences in the composition of extracellular polymeric substances produced by the BSCs with age. This is consistent with higher proportions of water-soluble OC of moss-dominated BSCs at the old dune, which is leached in the underlying substrate and initiates soil formation. Because of the channeling effect of mosses, OC depth translocation along with suspended colloidal substances contribute to OC accumulation in substrates. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.06.011 VL - 122 SP - 196 EP - 208 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Black locust (Robina pseudoacacia L.) ecopysiological and morphological adaptations to drought and their consequence on biomass production and water-use efficiency T2 - New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science N2 - Background: Successful plantation efforts growing Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) in the drier regions of Hungary and East Germany (Brandenburg), have demonstrated the potential of black locust as an alternative tree species for short-rotation biomass energy plantations. Methods: The response of black locust to water limitation was investigated in a lysimeter experiment. Plants were grown under three different soil moisture regimes, with values set at 35%, 70%, and 100% of the soil water availability, namely WA35, WA70, and WA100. Their morphological adaptation and productivity response to water constraint were assessed together with their water-use efficiency. Furthermore, the ecophysiological adaptation at the leaf level was assessed in terms of net photosynthesis and leaf transpiration. Results: During the growing season, plants in the WA35, WA70, and WA100 treatments transpired 239, 386, and 589 litres of water respectively. The plants subjected to the WA35 and WA70 treatments developed smaller leaves compared with the plants subjected to the WA100 treatment (66% and 36% respectively), which contributed to the total leaf area reduction from 8.03 m2 (WA100) to 3.25 m2 (WA35). The total above-ground biomass produced in the WA35 (646 g) and WA70 (675 g) treatments reached only 46% and 48% of the biomass yield obtained in the WA100 (1415 g). The water-use efficiency across all treatments was 2.31 g L−1. At vapour pressure deficit (VPD) values <1.4 kPa trees growing under the WA35 soil moisture regime showed a stomatal down-regulation of transpiration to 5.3 mmol m−2 s−1, whereas the trees growing under the WA100 regime did not regulate their stomatal conductance and transpiration was 11.7 mmol m−2 s−1, even at VPD values >2 kPa. Conclusions: Black locust plants can adapt to prolonged drought conditions by reducing water loss through both reduced transpiration and leaf size. However, under well-watered conditions it does not regulate its transpiration, and therefore it cannot be considered a water-saving tree species. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.nzjforestryscience.com/content/44/1/29 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40490-014-0029-0 VL - 44 IS - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Subbotina, Maria A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Synergic hydraulic and nutritional feedback mechanisms control surface patchiness of biological soil crusts on tertiary sands at a post-mining site T2 - Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics N2 - In a recultivation area located in Brandenburg, Germany, five types of biocrusts (initial BSC1, developed BSC2 and BSC3, mosses, lichens) and non-crusted mineral substrate were sampled on tertiary sand deposited in 1985- 1986 to investigate hydrologic interactions between crust patches. Crust biomass was lowest in the non-crusted substrate, increased to the initial BSC1 and peaked in the developed BSC2, BSC3, the lichens and the mosses. Water infiltration was highest on the substrate, and decreased to BSC2, BSC1 and BSC3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed that the lichens and BSC3 were associated with water soluble nutrients and with pyrite weathering products, thus representing a high nutrient low hydraulic feedback mode. The mosses and BSC2 represented a low nutrient high hydraulic feedback mode. These feedback mechanisms were considered as synergic, consisting of run-off generating (low hydraulic) and run-on receiving (high hydraulic) BSC patches. Three scenarios for BSC succession were proposed. (1) Initial BSCs sealed the surface until they reached a successional stage (represented by BSC1) from which the development into either of the feedback modes was triggered, (2) initial heterogeneities of the mineral substrate controlled the development of the feedback mode, and (3) complex interactions between lichens and mosses occurred at later stages of system development. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2478/johh-2014-0038 SN - 0042-790X VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 293 EP - 302 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Fritsch, Simone A1 - Koning, Laurie Anne A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Carbon allocation, nodulation, and biological nitrogen fixation of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) under soil water limitation T2 - Annals of Forest Research N2 - The pioneer tree black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a drought-resistant tree and, in symbiosis with Rhizobium, able to fix dinitrogen from the atmosphere. It is, therefore, an interesting species for marginal lands where soil amelioration is sought in addition to economic gain. However, the interaction between soil water availability, carbon allocation and nitrogen fixation is important for a successful establishment of trees on marginal lands and has not yet been investigated for black locust. Twoyear-old trees were grown under various soil water conditions and drought cycles. The stable isotopic composition of C (δ 13C) and N (δ 15N) of the leaves was used to identify i) the effective drought condition of the treatments and ii) the portion N accrued from the atmosphere by the biological nitrogen fixation. Drought-stressed plants significantly reduced their total aboveground biomass production, which was linearly linked to tree transpiration. The shoot:root ratio values changed from 2.2 for the drought-stressed to 4.3 for the well-watered plants. Our investigation shows that drought stress increases the nodule biomass of black locust in order to maintain biological nitrogen fixation and to counteract the lower soil nitrogen availability. The biological nitrogen fixation of drought-stressed trees could be maintained at relatively higher values compared to the well-watered trees. The average leaf nitrogen content varied between 2.8% and 3.0% and was not influenced by the drought stress. Carbon fixation, carbon allocation, and biological nitrogen fixation are to some extent balanced at low irrigation and allow Robinia to cope with long-term water constraints. The combination of black locust’s ecophysiological and morphological plasticity make it interesting as a biomass source for bioenergy and timber production, even in nutrient-limited and drought-affected areas of Europe. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2015.420 SN - 2065-2445 VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 259 EP - 274 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp T1 - Infiltration and water retention of biological soil crusts on reclaimed soils of former open-cast lignite mining sites in Brandenburg, north-east Germany T2 - Journal of hydrology and hydromechanics N2 - Investigations were done on two former open-cast lignite mining sites under reclamation, an artificial sand dune in Welzow Süd, and a forest plantation in Schlabendorf Süd (Brandenburg, Germany). The aim was to associate the topsoil hydrological characteristics of green algae dominated as well as moss and soil lichen dominated biological soil crusts during crustal succession with their water retention and the repellency index on sandy soils under temperate cli-mate and different reliefs. The investigation of the repellency index showed on the one hand an increase due to the cross-linking of sand parti-cles by green algae which resulted in clogging of pores. On the other hand, the occurrence of moss plants led to a de-crease of the repellency index due to absorption caused by bryophytes. The determination of the water retention curves showed an increase of the water holding capacity, especially in conjunction with the growth of green algae layer. The pore-related van Genuchten parameter indicate a clay-like behaviour of the developed soil crusts. Because of the inho-mogeneous distribution of lichens and mosses as well as the varying thickness of green algae layers, the water retention differed between the study sites and between samples of similar developmental stages. However, similar tendencies of water retention and water repellency related to the soil crust formation were observed. Biological soil crusts should be considered after disturbances in the context of reclamation measures, because the ini-tial development of green algae biocrusts lead to an increasing repellency index, while the occurrence of mosses and a gain in organic matter enhance the water holding capacity. Thus, the succession of biocrusts and their small-scale succes-sion promote the development of soil and ecosystem. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/johh-2016-0009 VL - 64 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Halke, Christian A1 - Koning, Laurie Anne A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Lebzien, Stefan T1 - Transpiration and biomass production of the bioenergy crop Giant Knotweed Igniscum under various supplies of water and nutrients T2 - Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics N2 - Soil water availability, nutrient supply and climatic conditions are key factors for plant production. For a sustainable integration of bioenergy plants into agricultural systems, detailed studies on their water uses and growth performances are needed. The new bioenergy plant Igniscum Candy is a cultivar of the Sakhalin Knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis), which is characterized by a high annual biomass production. For the determination of transpiration-yield relations at the whole plant level we used wicked lysimeters at multiple irrigation levels associated with the soil water availability (25, 35, 70, 100%) and nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha–1). Leaf transpiration and net photosynthesis were determined with a portable minicuvette system. The maximum mean transpiration rate was 10.6 mmol m–2 s–1 for well-watered plants, while the mean net photosynthesis was 9.1 μmol m–2 s–1. The cumulative transpiration of the plants during the growing seasons varied between 49 l (drought stressed) and 141 l (well-watered) per plant. The calculated transpiration coefficient for Fallopia over all of the treatments applied was 485.6 l kg–1. The transpiration-yield relation of Igniscum is comparable to rye and barley. Its growth performance making Fallopia a potentially good second generation bioenergy crop. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2478/johh-2014-0028 SN - 0042-790X VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 316 EP - 323 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Koning, Laurie Anne A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Lebzien, Stefan T1 - Effects of nitrogen and phsphate fertilization on leaf nutrient content, photosythesis, and growth of the novel bioenergy crop Fallopia schalinensis vc. 'Igniscum Candy' T2 - Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality N2 - The aim of the study was to determine the effects of nitrogen and phosphate fertilization on the growth performance of the novel bioenergy crop Fallopia sachalinensis cv. ‘Igniscum Candy’ (Polygonaceae). In a controlled pot experiment various nitrogen (0, 50, 150, 300 kg N ha-1) and phosphate (20, 40, 80 kg P ha-1) fertilizer amounts were applied to measure the effect on the biomass, plant height, leaf area, and leaf nutrient (N and P) content. Furthermore, the ecophysiological processes of chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and gas exchange were measured. The application of nitrogen correlated positively with biomass production, while phosphate fertilization did not show a significant effect on plant growth or ecophysiological parameters. The leaf nitrogen contents were significantly correlated with the nitrogen applications, while the leaf phosphate contents did not show a correlation with the P fertilizations, but increased with the leaf nitrogen contents. A significant linear correlation between N-Tester chlorophyll meter values and chlorophyll contents as well as with leaf nitrogen contents could be determined. Under the influence of the nitrogen fertilization, net photosynthesis increased from 3.7 to 6.6 μmol m-2 s-1. The results of this experiment demonstrated that nitrogen fertilization has an overall positive correlation with leaf nitrogen content, photosynthesis, and growth of the bioenergy crop Fallopia sachalinensis var. Igniscum Candy. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2015.088.005 SN - 1439-040X VL - 88 SP - 22 EP - 28 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Todt, Henning A1 - Breckle, Siegmar-W. T1 - Influence of halophytic hosts on their parasites - the case of Plicosepalus acaciae T2 - AOB Plants N2 - Halophytes develop various morphological and physiological traits that enable them to grow successfully on saline substrates. Parasitic plants on halophytic hosts may also encounter salt stress. We investigated the mistletoe Plicosepalus acaciae (syn: Loranthus acacia; Loranthaceae), which occurs on 5 halophytic and at least 10 non-halophytic hosts in the Southern Arava Valley (Israel). Plicosepalus acaciae is a common parasite north of Eilat to the Dead Sea area and in the Jordan Valley. Morphological and physiological responses of P. acaciae to salinity were investigated by comparison of plants on halophytic with those on non-halophytic hosts. Ion patterns of different host–parasite associations were determined as was the development of leaf succulence at different growth stages. The leaf water content of P. acaciae increased and leaves developed succulence when growing on halophytic hosts, especially on Tamarix species, where leaf water content was three times higher than that on non-halophytic hosts and the leaf volume increased four to five times. The reason for increased succulence was a higher ion concentration of, and osmotic adjustment with, Na+ and Cl2. Plicosepalus acaciae showed a high morphological and ecophysiological plasticity, enabling it to cope with salt stress, and can be classified as a facultative eu-halophyte, which increases its halo-succulence according to the host. Host–parasite associations are a model systemfor the investigation of halophytes under different salt stress conditions. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plu084 SN - 2041-2851 VL - 7 SP - plu084 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Effects of Drought Frequency on Growth Performance and Transpiration of Young Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) T2 - International Journal of Forestry Research N2 - Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a drought-tolerant fast growing tree, which could be an alternative to the more common tree species used in short-rotation coppice on marginal land. The plasticity of black locust in the form of ecophysiological and morphological adaptations to drought is an important precondition for its successful growth in such areas. However, adaptation to drought stress is detrimental to primary production. Furthermore, the soil water availability condition of the initial stage of development may have an impact on the tree resilience. We aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress applied during the resprouting on the drought tolerance of the plant, by examining the black locust growth patterns. We exposed young trees in lysimeters to different cycles of drought. The drought memory affected the plant growth performance and its drought tolerance: the plants resprouting under drought conditions were more drought tolerant than the well-watered ones. Black locust tolerates drastic soil water availability variations without altering its water use efficiency (2.57 g L−1), evaluated under drought stress. Due to its constant water use efficiency and the high phenotypic plasticity, black locust could become an important species to be cultivated on marginal land. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/821891 SN - 1687-9376 N1 - Article ID 821891 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Bioenergie aus Wüstenpflanzen T2 - Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau Y1 - 2014 SN - 0028-1050 VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 80 EP - 81 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Herppich, Werner B. A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Photosynthetic characteristics and their spatial variance on biological soil crusts covering initial soils of post-mining sites in Lower Lusatia, NE Germany T2 - Flora N2 - Following surface disturbance, quaternary sands are the basic substrate for soil development in the Lusatian reclamation area. These substrates mostly contain few organic matter and, hence, are nutrient poor. Accumulation of soil carbon is an important factor for ecosystem development, where biological soil crusts initially influence soil processes and promote ecosystem succession. The compositional structures of biological soil crusts at various developmental stages and their photosynthetic properties were investigated on two former open-cast lignite sites, currently under reclamation, an artificial sand dune in Welzow Süd, and a forest plantation in Schlabendorf Süd (Brandenburg, Germany). As development of biological soil crusts progressed, their contents of organic carbon and total chlorophyll increased. The ratio of these parameters, however, varied with the relative contribution of lichens and mosses in particular. Also maximum photochemical efficiency, net photosynthesis and respiration increased with crustal development. An additional evaluation of NDVI and chlorophyll fluorescence images showed that especially moss-dominated biocrusts had higher photosynthetic capacity compared to green algae-dominated biocrusts or soil lichens, so the photosynthetic capacity showed to be highly species-specific. The ratio of gross photosynthesis to respiration indicated a higher ecological efficiency of biocrusts dominated by green algae than of lichen-dominated biocrusts. The occurrence of soil lichens reduced net CO2 fixation and increased CO2 release due to the enhanced mycobiontic respiration. During crustal succession, the rise of photosynthesis-related parameters is not necessarily linear as a result of the highly heterogenic distribution of the different crustal organisms between biocrusts of similar developmental stages as well as between those growing at the two study sites. Therefore, the evaluation of relevant ecophysiological parameters highlighted that not all biocrust-forming organisms similarly contribute to the ecophysiological behavior of biological soil crusts. Nevertheless, the occurrence of the biological soil crusts promoted soil formation and accumulation of soil carbon in initial soils. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2016.02.012 SN - 0367-2530 VL - Vol. 220 SP - 103 EP - 116 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Vignudelli, Marco A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Spatial and temporal variation of drought impact on black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) water status and growth T2 - iForest Biogeosciences and Forestry N2 - Stimulated by the rising demand for bioenergy, forestry practices for energy production are of increasing importance worldwide. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a suitable tree species for biomass production in shortrotation plantations in East Germany, especially on marginal land where insufficient water and nutrients are a limiting factor for tree growth. Our study aims to clarify the spatial and temporal variability of the black locust growth through the analysis of the plant water status, and to evaluate the effect of adverse edaphic conditions on growth performances, amplified by periods of summer drought. The study was carried out at two sites presenting comparable climatic but different edaphic conditions: (i) fertile agricultural soil; and (ii) heterogeneous unstructured soil from a reclaimed post-mining area. During the vegetation period, the growth rate decreased in both sites following the plant water status in terms of pre-dawn leaf water potential. Particularly in the post-mining area, due to the adverse edaphic conditions, below the critical pre-dawn water potential value of -0.5 MPa, the stem growth was drastically reduced during a period of summer drought. However, the trees could cope with the extreme soil and weather conditions in the post-mining site without perishing. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1299-008 SN - 1971-7458 VL - 8 SP - 743 EP - 747 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp T1 - Formation of soil lichen crusts at reclaimed post-mining sites, Lower Lusatia, North-east Germany T2 - Graphis Scripta N2 - Biological soil crusts were investigated at reclaimed post-mining sites near Welzow and Schlabendorf in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany). Various development stages from initial biological soil crusts built up by green algae, to more developed soil crusts with mosses, as well as moss-soil lichen crusts, were classified. The spatial-temporal dynamics during the development resulted in a moss-lichens cover with discrete patches of pioneer organisms like green algae in between. At the study sites, 13 species of terricolous lichens were identified. The formation of the biological soil crust is important for the accumulation of soil organic matter in the first millimeters of the topsoil of these pioneer ecosystems. A correlation between cryptogamic biomass and soil carbon content were found. Y1 - 2015 SN - 0901-7593 VL - 27 IS - 1-2 SP - 3 EP - 14 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Bai A1 - Gao, Jiarong A1 - Wang, Xiuru A1 - Ma, Lan A1 - Cui, Qiang A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Effects of biological soil crusts on water infiltration and evaporation Yanchi Ningxia, Maowusu Desert, China T2 - International Journal of Sediment Research N2 - Biological soil crusts serve as a vanguard for improving the ecological environment in arid, semi-arid desertification areas.It is a good indicator of the level of improvement which the local ecological evironment is undertaking. In desert areas, water condition is a key factor of improving the ecological environment. As a first layer protection, biological crusts play an important role in local vegetation succession due to their abilities to conserve and maintain moisture. Using Maowusu desert in Yanchi of Ningxia province as an example, after three years of research, this paper chooses three kinds of biological crusts including lichen, moss and cyanobacterial which are under the cover of Artemisia ordosicaas research objects. The results of this study indicate that, the closer biological crusts are to Artemisia ordosica vegetation, the thicker they become. In the same position of Artemisia ordosica vegetation, the thickness of moss crusts is the highest, followed by lichen crusts, and the thickness of cyanobacterial crusts is the lowest. Biological soil crusts coverage protects the natural water content of soil layers from 0 to 5cm. Also, it effects falling water to infiltrate deeper, and cannot prevent the surfacewater content from evaporating effectively. The effect of biological crusts blocking water infiltration decreases with the increase of rainfall. At the same rainfall level, moss crusts provide the strongest water infiltration blockage, followed by lichen crusts and cyanobacterial crusts. With the increase of rainfall, the depth of water infiltration increases.At the same rainfall level, the relationship of water infiltration depth is as follows: cyanobacterial crusts > lichen crusts > moss crusts. With the increase of biological crusts thickness, they blocking water infiltration capacity is stronger, and the depth of water infiltration is smaller. Analysis on the characteristic of simulated rainfall process on biological crusts shows that sandy land can be fixed by applying appropriate artificial biological crusts to build a sustainable forest protection system and to create a stable ecosystem in desertification area. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2016.05.005 SN - 1001-6279 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 311 EP - 323 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiao, Bo A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Moss-dominated biocrusts increase soil microbial abundance and community diversity and improve soil fertility in semi-arid climates on the Loess Plateau of China T2 - Applied Soil Ecology N2 - Various ecological functions of biocrusts are mostly determined by their bacterial and fungal abundance and community diversity, which has not yet been fully investigated. To provide more insights into this issue, we collected samples of moss biocrusts, fixed sand, and mobile sand from a watershed with semi-arid climate on the Loess Plateau of China. The relative abundances and community diversities of soil bacteria and fungi of the samples were determined using high-throughput DNA sequencing. Finally, we analyzed the characteristics of bacterial and fungal community of the moss biocrusts and their relationships to the content of soil nutrients. Our results showed that the moss biocrusts had 1048 bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units) and 58 fungal OTUs, and their Shannon diversity indexes were 5.56 and 1.65, respectively. The bacterial community of the moss biocrusts was dominated by Acidobacteria (24.3%), Proteobacteria (23.8%), Chloroflexi (15.8%), and Actinobacteria (14.5%), and their fungal community was dominated by Ascomycota (68.0%) and Basidiomycota (23.8%). The moss biocrusts had far more bacterial OTUs (≥56.9%) but similar number of fungal OTUs as compared with the uncrusted soil, and their Sorenson’s similarity coefficients of bacterial and fungal communities were less than 0.768 and 0.596, respectively. Moreover, the contents of soil nutrients (C, N, P) were significantly correlated with the OTU numbers of bacteria and the relative abundances of bacteria and fungi. Our results indicated that moss biocrusts harbor a large number and high diversity of bacteria and fungi, and these diversified bacteria and fungi play important roles in ecosystem functioning through improving soil fertility. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.05.005 VL - 117-118 SP - 165 EP - 177 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Carbon cycling of biological soil crusts mirrors ecological maturity along a Central European inland dune catena T2 - Catena N2 - Photosynthesis and respiration of biological soil crusts (BSCs) sampled along a mobile inland dune catena were determined to evaluate the applicability of Odum’s P/R ratio, determined under controlled conditions, for estimation of ecosystem maturity. The theory is that in the early stages of ecological succession, the total photosynthesis (P) exceeds the rate of community respiration (R), so that the P/R ratio is greater than 1, and that P/R approaches 1 as succession occurs. In the special case of organic pollution, the P/R ratio is typically less than 1. Samples were collected in the deflation zone of the dune near the crest (BSC1, thickness 2-3 mm), at the lee side of grass tussocks at the slope (BSC2, thickness 2-4 mm) and near the base (BSC3, thickness 4-6 mm). Non crusted sand was used as control (BSC0). Photosynthesis, respiration, crust biomass, as well as fossil and allochthonous pedogenic carbon entering the system with mineral substrate were determined. The respiration of the BSC1 was dominated by the degradation of allochthonous organic matter, leading to a diminished P/R ratio. The better developed BSC2 and BSC3 were less influenced by allochthonous organic matter, where BSC maturity increased downslope with biomass increase. No significant relation between the P/R ratio and soil water tension was found. Crust carbon pools increased and flows intensified, but mineralization constants decreased with system maturation. It was concluded that Odum’s P/R ratio and accumulation of recalcitrant to biodegradation organic matter are indicative for biocrust maturity. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.004 SN - 0341-8162 VL - 160 SP - 68 EP - 75 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Küppers, Manfred A1 - Schmitt, Dieter A1 - Liner, Susanne A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Photosynthetic characteristics and simulation of annual leaf carbon gains of hybrid poplar (Populus nigra L. x P. maximowiczii Henry) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in a temperate agroforestry system T2 - Agroforestry Systems N2 - A leaf net photosynthesis model is presented driven by light and modulated by temperature and air humidity. From this the seasonal variation of CO2 uptake and release could be modelled to estimate the annual carbon fluxes of sun and shade leaves. In fully expanded leaves light is the major factor determining daily carbon balances, and highest observed daily carbon gains in sun leaves amounted to 748.9 mmol CO2 m-2 day-1 in poplar and to 536.3 mmol CO2 m-2 day-1 in black locust, while the annual carbon gains amounted to 46,824 mol CO2 m-2 in black locust and 66,803 mol CO2 m-2 in hybrid poplar. Results obtained via gas exchange measurements and from the leaf model clearly indicate a potentially better growth performance of the poplar compared to black locust on the investigated site. The presented photosynthesis model provides a good and realistic estimation for seasonal carbon balances on the leaf level for both species. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-017-0071-z SN - 0167-4366 SN - 1572-9680 VL - 92 IS - 5 SP - 1267 EP - 1286 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiao, Bo A1 - Hu, Kelin A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Kidron, Giora J. T1 - Natural recovery rates of moss biocrusts after severe disturbance in a semiarid climate of the Chinese Loess Plateau T2 - Geoderma N2 - Biocrusts are vulnerable to large scale disturbances including trampling activities, and their recovery rates are highly variable with estimates fluctuating by more than one order of magnitude, from<5 years (very fast) to>250 years (very slow). Also, the development of microbial abundance and community diversity of biocrusts after disturbances is poorly understood. In a semiarid climate of the Chinese Loess Plateau, we conducted a recovery experiment on well-developed moss biocrusts after a severe disturbance, during which the entire upper 3 cm of the surface was removed. In the following nine years, the general characteristics and microbial community of the recovering and undisturbed biocrusts as well as a substrate with no crust (bare sand) were periodically determined. Through linear or logistic extrapolation of the observed recovery rates, the recovery time of the biocrusts after disturbance was estimated by both biocrust characteristics and microbial community. Recovery time yielded the following estimates: a) coverage within 3 years, b) thickness within 8 years, c) biomass within 9–13 years, and d) cultivable microbial density within 11–13 years. More importantly, the recovery time of the disturbed moss-biocrusts estimated by the number of bacteria and fungi was ~10 and 20 years, respectively, and that estimated by the bacterial and fungal community diversity was 12–14 and 12–16 years, respectively. In conclusion, moss biocrusts would take 15–20 years to achieve full recovery, which was shorter than many previously published estimates that regarded biocrusts and especially moss-dominated biocrusts to have a long recovery time of hundreds of years. However, it should be also kept in mind that very fast recovery (< 5 years) of biocrusts was less reliable because such estimations are mostly based on visual cover only rather than on the multi-variables of the recovering biocrusts. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.054 SN - 0016-7061 VL - 337 SP - 402 EP - 412 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Carl, Christin A1 - Biber, Peter A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Landgraf, Dirk A1 - Pretzsch, Hans T1 - Key drivers of competition and growth partitioning among Robinia pseudoacacia L. trees T2 - Forest Ecology and Management N2 - Competition for above- and below-ground resources depends on their availability and results in varied growth partitioning. This becomes clear as the supply and limitation of the main resources influence the slope of the size-growth relationship in stands. Nevertheless, growth partitioning among trees, especially among black locust (R. pseudoacacia) trees is not understood in sufficient detail. To scrutinize and estimate the mode of competition of R. pseudoacacia, this research analyzed 1333 trees in Germany in 10 study sites, consisting in total 27 sample plots, with similar climate but varying soil conditions. The stand age ranged from 2 to 32 years, with a diameter at breast height ranging from 0.6 to 29.1 cm. The main focus of the study was to evaluate the impact of nitrogen, phosphorus, and water supply on the competition mode of R. pseudoacacia by varying growth partitioning. We applied the size–growth relationship in a mixed-effects model with a random intercept and slope. Fixed effects were the basal area, phosphorus, water, the sunlight competition index, and the interactions between below- and above-ground resources. Site specific effects of the analyzed stands were quantified with the aid of the random effects. Depending on the supply and limitation of phosphorus and water, this study determined how the competition mode as well as the growth partitioning among R. pseudoacacia trees were influenced. Hence, if phosphorus and water availability increased, then the competition for above-ground resources (primarily sunlight) and the slope of the size–growth relationship increased. Large trees grew disproportionately more than smaller trees. If the available phosphorus and water decreased, then the competition for the below-ground resources increased and the slope of the size–growth relationship decreased – to be more flattened. Moreover, it was found that available nitrogen as a below-ground resource had no influence on the mode of competition. In summary, phosphorus was the most important nutrient and, together with water, was the main driver of growth partitioning among R. pseudoacacia trees. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.002 SN - 0378-1127 VL - 430 SP - 86 EP - 93 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Mirck, Jaconette A1 - Schmitt, Dieter A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Microclimate effects on evaporation and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield within a temperate agroforestry system T2 - Agroforestry Systems N2 - This study investigates the spatial and temporal impact of microclimate conditions caused by poplar hedgerows in a short rotation alley cropping system (SRACS), and their effect on the atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) and the grain crop yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Patras) in direct comparison to a common agricultural crop system. Microclimate was measured at nine positions distributed at the SRACS and an adjacent open field in Brandenburg State (Germany) from March to August 2016. Our hypothesis was that microclimate and AED was improved at SRACS, with traceable effects on the crop yield. The analysis of air temperature and water vapour deficit (VPD) data revealed significantly (p B 0.05) lower daytime values from June to August at the crop alley of the SRACS, which were generally most frequent at the poplar hedgerow and 3 m west positions. By contrast, wind speed was reduced at almost all the positions of our crop alley and during the entire measurement period during both day and night. The AED measured on sampling days in July was significantly (p B 0.001) reduced at the whole crop alley, with values from 24 to 32% in comparison to the open field. We observed a strong linear relationship (R2 & 0.78–0.99) between AED on one side and wind speed and VPD on the other side. The average grain yield within the SRACS was 16% higher than on the OF. However, our microclimate data were insufficient to explain this yield surplus. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0289-4 SN - 1572-9680 SN - 0167-4366 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Simulating Climate Change Impacts on Hybrid-Poplar and Black Locust Short Rotation Coppices T2 - Forestry N2 - In Brandenburg, north-eastern Germany, climate change is associated with increasing annual temperatures and decreasing summer precipitation. Appraising short rotation coppices (SRCs), given their long-time planning horizon demands for systematic assessments of woody biomass production under a considerable spectrum of climate change prospects. This paper investigates the prospective growth sensitivity of poplar and black locust SRCs, established in Brandenburg to a variety of weather conditions and long-term climate change, from 2015 to 2054, by a combined experimental and simulation study. The analysis employed (i) a biophysical, process-based model to simulate the daily tree growth and (ii) 100 realisations of the statistical regional climate model STAR 2K. In the last growing period, the simulations showed that the assumed climate change could lead to a decrease in the woody biomass of about 5 Mg ha -1 (18%) for poplar and a decrease of about 1.7 Mg ha -1 (11%) for black locust trees with respect to the median observed in the reference period. The findings corroborate the potential tree growth vulnerability to prospective climatic changes, particularly to changes in water availability and underline the importance of coping management strategies in SRCs for forthcoming risk assessments and adaptation scenarios. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/f9070419 SN - 1464-3626 VL - 9 IS - 7 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rieser, Jakob A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Thiel, Michael A1 - Schönbrodt-Stitt, Sarah T1 - Coverage and Rainfall Response of Biological Soil Crusts Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Data in a Central European Temperate Dry Acid Grassland T2 - Remote Sensing N2 - Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are thin microbiological vegetation layers that naturally develop in unfavorable higher plant conditions (i.e., low precipitation rates and high temperatures) in global drylands. They consist of poikilohydric organisms capable of adjusting their metabolic activities depending on the water availability. However, they, and with them, their ecosystem functions, are endangered by climate change and land-use intensification. Remote sensing (RS)-based studies estimated the BSC cover in global drylands through various multispectral indices, and few of them correlated the BSCs’ activity response to rainfall. However, the allocation of BSCs is not limited to drylands only as there are areas beyond where smaller patches have developed under intense human impact and frequent disturbance. Yet, those areas were not addressed in RS-based studies, raising the question of whether the methods developed in extensive drylands can be transferred easily. Our temperate climate study area, the ‘Lieberoser Heide’ in northeastern Germany, is home to the country’s largest BSC-covered area. We applied a Random Forest (RF) classification model incorporating multispectral Sentinel-2 (S2) data, indices derived from them, and topographic information to spatiotemporally map the BSC cover for the first time in Central Europe. We further monitored the BSC response to rainfall events over a period of around five years (June 2015 to end of December 2020). Therefore, we combined datasets of gridded NDVI as a measure of photosynthetic activity with daily precipitation data and conducted a change detection analysis. With an overall accuracy of 98.9%, our classification proved satisfactory. Detected changes in BSC activity between dry and wet conditions were found to be significant. Our study emphasizes a high transferability of established methods from extensive drylands to BSC-covered areas in the temperate climate. Therefore, we consider our study to provide essential impulses so that RS-based biocrust mapping in the future will be applied beyond the global drylands KW - Biological soil crusts Y1 - 2021 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 13 IS - 16 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Thell, Arne A1 - Hansson, Mats A1 - Persson, Per-Erik A1 - Seaward, Mark R.D. A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Hedrén, Mikael T1 - ETS and plastid sequence data indicate a spontaneous origin of Scandinavian betony, Betonica officinalis L. T2 - Biologia Futura N2 - Background and aims: Betony (Betonica officinalis L.) is one of the rarest and most spectacular plants in the Scandinavian flora. A long-term question has been whether it is spontaneous or introduced, or whether it comprises both spontaneous and introduced populations. This study aimed to answer this question by analyzing sequence data from the nuclear external transcribed spacer (ETS) region and three regions of the plastid genome, the trnT–trnL intergenic spacer (IGS) region, tRNA-Leu (trnL) intron, and the trnS–trnG IGS. Materials and methods: Altogether 41 samples from 11 European countries were analyzed. A unique duplication in the trnT–trnL IGS was detected in material from Skåne (southern Sweden), the “Skåne-duplication.” Populations with this duplication are united on a moderately supported branch in the phylogeny based on plastid sequences. A distinct heath genotype from Yorkshire was discovered in the phylogeny based on plastid sequences and in a comparative cultivation. Results: Phylogeny based on ETS sequences does not support any Scandinavian group, whereas a principal coordinates analysis ordination based on variable ETS positions indicated a spontaneous origin for all Scandinavian populations, which comprise a genetically well-defined subgroup of the species, most closely related to other spontaneous populations from adjacent parts of continental parts of Northern Europe. Discussion: Seven possible naturally occurring localities remain in Scandinavia, five in central Skåne, southernmost Sweden, and two on the southwestern part of the Danish island of Lolland. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1556/019.70.2019.27 SN - 2676-8607 VL - 70 IS - 3 SP - 218 EP - 239 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Swieter, Anita A1 - Langhof, Maren A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Trade-Off between Energy Wood and Grain Production in Temperate Alley-Cropping Systems: An Empirical and Simulation-Based Derivation of Land Equivalent Ratio T2 - Agriculture N2 - The alley-cropping systems (ACSs), which integrate parallel tree strips at varying distances on an agricultural field can result, complementarity of resource use, in an increased land-use efficiency. Practitioners’ concerns have been directed towards the productivity of such systems given a reduced area covered by agricultural crops. The land equivalent ratio (LER) serves as a valuable productivity indicator of yield performance and land-use efficiency in ACSs, as it compares the yields achieved in monocultures to those from ACSs. Consequently, the objective of this combined experimental and simulation study was to assess the tree- and crop-yields and to derive the LER and gross energy yield for two temperate ACSs in Germany under different design scenarios, i.e., tree arrangements (lee- or wind-ward) and ratios of tree area to crop area. Both LER and gross energy yields resulted in a convex curve where the maximum values were achieved when either the tree or crop component was dominant (>75% of the land area) and minimum when these components shared similar proportions of land area. The implications of several design scenarios have been discussed in order to improve the decision-making, optimization, and adaptation of the design of ACSs with respect to site-specific characteristics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9070147 SN - 2077-0472 VL - 9 IS - 7 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Felde, Vincent John Martin Noah Linus A1 - Warren, Steven D. A1 - Pietrasiak, Nicole T1 - Editorial: Ecological Development and Functioning of Biological Soil Crusts After Natural and Human Disturbances T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - In recent years, the importance of soil health for ecosystem functions has come further into the scientific focus (Lehmann et al., 2020). Especially after severe ecosystem disturbances, soil formation has to start anew. Such disturbances, which reset ecosystem development to the starting point, can be of natural (volcanoes, mobile sand dunes, floods, glaciers) (La Farge et al., 2013; Lan et al., 2014) or human origin (post-mining landscapes, military training areas, agricultural lands) (Belnap et al., 2007; Schaaf et al., 2011). In these young ecosystems, the interactions between the initial colonizers, the inorganic matter, and the subsequent biogeochemical processes are an important prerequisite for the development of elemental fluxes, soil genesis, and thus for further ecosystem development. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.713584/full U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.713584 SN - 2296-701X VL - 9 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Fischer, Anton A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Grünewald, Uwe A1 - Holländer, Hartmut M. A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid A1 - Mutz, Michael A1 - Schloter, Michael A1 - Schulin, Rainer A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Patterns and processes of initial terrestrial-ecosystem development T2 - Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science N2 - Ecosystems are characterized as complex systems with abiotic and biotic processes interacting between the various components that have evolved over long-term periods. Most ecosystem studies so far have been carried out in mature systems. Only limited knowledge exists on the very initial phase of ecosystem development. Concepts on the development of ecosystems are often based on assumptions and extrapolations with respect to structure–process interactions in the initial stage. To characterize the effect of this initial phase on structure and functioning of ecosystems in later stages, it is necessary to disentangle the close interaction of spatial and temporal patterns of ecosystem structural assemblages with processes of ecosystem development. The study of initial, less complex systems could help to better identify and characterize coupled patterns and processes. This paper gives an overview of concepts for the initial development of different ecosystem compartments and identifies open questions and research gaps. The artificial catchment site “Chicken Creek” is introduced as a new research approach to investigate these patterns and processes of initial ecosystem development under defined boundary conditions. This approach allows to integrate the relevant processes with related pattern and structure development over temporal and spatial scales and to derive thresholds and stages in state and functioning of ecosystems at the catchment level. KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - vegetation succession KW - microbial succession KW - artificial catchment Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201000158 SN - 1522-2624 VL - 174 IS - 2 SP - 229 EP - 239 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Kriebitzsch, Wolf-Ulrich T1 - Photosyntheseverhalten der Stechpalme (Ilex aquifolium L.) in milden Winter in Mitteleuropa: Ein ökophysiologischer Vorteil durch den Klimawandel? T2 - Allgemeine Forst- und Jagd-Zeitung N2 - Die Wintertemperaturen und insbesondere Frost sind wichtige Umweltfaktoren, die das Verbreitungsgebiet der Stechpalme (Ilex aquifolium L.) Mitteleuropa beschränken. Bereits heute profitiert diese Art von dem Klimawandel durch eine erweiterte Verbreitung in Mitteleuropa und an seiner nördlichen Verbreitungsgrenze in Skandinavien. In dieser Arbeit wird die Bedeutung der milder werdenden Wintertemperaturen für den Stoffwechsel von I. aquifolium untersucht, insbesondere die Akklimatisation der Photosynthese während des Winters. Dafür wurde die Photosynthese mit der Chlorophyllfluoreszenz-Methode gemessen. Während milder Wintertage bei Temperaturen wenig unter 0°C erholte sich die Photosynthese innerhalb von zwei Stunden, sobald die Pflanzen Raumtemperatur ausgesetzt wurden. Dagegen war die Photosynthese nach langanhaltenden Frostperioden und die gemessenen Elektronentransportraten der im Freiland wachsenden Ilex-Bäume um bis zu 50% niedriger als bei den Vergleichspflanzen im Gewächshaus. Somit wird die Photosynthese im Winter von der minimalen Temperatur und der Frostdauer beeinflusst. In der Regel war die immergrüne Stechpalme in der Lage ihre Photosynthese im Winter aufrecht zu erhalten und flexibel auf frostfreie Tage zu reagieren. Damit profitiert die Stechpalme während milder Tage im Winter und Frühjahr von dem im Vergleich zu den Sommermonaten hohem Lichtgenuss im Unterwuchs, wenn die sommergrünen Bäume in der Baumschicht unbelaubt sind. Y1 - 2019 SN - 0002-5852 VL - 189 IS - 7/8 SP - 143 EP - 153 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ma, Yunyao A1 - Weber, Bettina A1 - Kratz, Alexandra A1 - Raggio, José A1 - Colesie, Claudia A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Bader, Maaike Y. A1 - Porada, Philipp T1 - Exploring environmental and physiological drivers of the annual carbon budget of biocrusts from various climatic zones with a mechanistic data-driven model T2 - Biogeosciences N2 - Biocrusts are a worldwide phenomenon, contributing substantially to ecosystem functioning. Their growth and survival depend on multiple environmental factors, including climatic ones, and the relations of these factors to physiological processes. Responses of biocrusts to individual environmental factors have been examined in a large number of field and laboratory experiments. These observational data, however, have rarely been assembled into a comprehensive, consistent framework that allows quantitative exploration of the roles of multiple environmental factors and physiological properties for the performance of biocrusts, in particular across climatic regions. Here we used a data-driven mechanistic modelling framework to simulate the carbon balance of biocrusts, a key measure of their growth and survival. We thereby assessed the relative importance of physiological and environmental factors for the carbon balance at six study sites that differ in climatic conditions. Moreover, we examined the role of seasonal acclimation of physiological properties using our framework, since the effects of this process on the carbon balance of biocrusts are poorly constrained so far. We found substantial effects of air temperature, CO2 concentration, and physiological parameters that are related to respiration on biocrust carbon balance, which differ, however, in their patterns across regions. The ambient CO2 concentration is the most important factor for biocrusts from drylands, while air temperature has the strongest impact at alpine and temperate sites. Metabolic respiration cost plays a more important role than optimum temperature for gross photosynthesis at the alpine site; this is not the case, however, in drylands and temperate regions. Moreover, we estimated a small annual carbon gain of 1.5  by lichen-dominated biocrust and 1.9  by moss-dominated biocrust at a dryland site, while the biocrusts lost a large amount of carbon at some of the temperate sites (e.g. −92.1 for lichen-dominated and −74.7  for moss-dominated biocrust). These strongly negative values contradict the observed survival of the organisms at the sites and may be caused by the uncertainty in environmental conditions and physiological parameters, which we assessed in a sensitivity analysis. Another potential explanation for this result may be the lack of acclimation in the modelling approach, since the carbon balance can increase substantially when testing for seasonally varying parameters in the sensitivity analysis. We conclude that the uncertainties in air temperature, CO2 concentration, respiration-related physiological parameters, and the absence of seasonal acclimation in the model for humid temperate and alpine regions may be a relevant source of error and should be taken into account in future approaches that aim at estimating the long-term biocrust carbon balance based on ecophysiological data. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/20/2553/2023/bg-20-2553-2023.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2553-2023 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 20 IS - 13 SP - 2553 EP - 2572 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Porada, Philipp A1 - Bader, Maaike Y. A1 - Berdugo, Monica B. A1 - Colesie, Claudia A1 - Ellis, Christopher J. A1 - Giordani, Paolo A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Ma, Yunyao A1 - Launiainen, Samuli A1 - Nascimbene, Juri A1 - Petersen, Imke A1 - Raggio Quílez, José A1 - Rodríguez-Caballero, Emilio A1 - Rousk, Kathrin A1 - Sancho, Leopoldo G. A1 - Scheidegger, Christoph A1 - Seitz, Steffen A1 - Van Stan, John T. A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Weber, Bettina A1 - Weston, David J. T1 - A research agenda for non-vascular photoautotrophs under climate change T2 - New Phytologist N2 - Non-vascular photoautotrophs (NVP), including bryophytes, lichens, terrestrial algae, and cyanobacteria, are increasingly recognized as being essential to ecosystem functioning in many regions of the world. Current research suggests that climate change may pose a substantial threat to NVP, but it is highly uncertain to what extent this will affect the associated ecosystem functions and services. Here, we propose a research agenda to address this urgent question, focusing on physiological and ecological processes that link NVP to ecosystem functions while also taking into account the substantial taxonomic diversity across multiple ecosystem types. Accordingly, we developed a new categorization scheme, based on microclimatic gradients, which simplifies the high physiological and morphological diversity of NVP and worldwide distribution with respect to several broad habitat types. We found that habitat-specific ecosystem functions of NVP will likely be substantially affected by climate change, and more quantitative process understanding is required on (1) potential for acclimation (2) response to elevated CO2 (3) role of the microbiome and (4) feedback to (micro)climate. We suggest an integrative approach of innovative, multi-method laboratory and field experiments and eco-physiological modelling, for which sustained scientific collaboration on NVP research will be essential. KW - biocrusts KW - climate change KW - ecosystem services KW - epiphytes KW - functional traits KW - lichens and bryophytes KW - model–data integration KW - nonvascular vegetation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18631 SN - 0028-646X SN - 1469-8137 VL - 237 (2023) IS - 5 SP - 1495 EP - 1504 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sheppard, Jonathan P. A1 - Bohn Reckziegel, Rafael A1 - Borrass, Lars A1 - Chirwa, Paxie W. A1 - Cuaranhua, Claudio J. A1 - Hassler, Sibylle K A1 - Hoffmeister, Svenja A1 - Kestel, Florian A1 - Maier, Rebekka A1 - Mälicke, Mirko A1 - Morhart, Christopher A1 - Ndlovu, Nicholas P. A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Funk, Roger A1 - Lang, Friedericke A1 - Seifert, Thomas A1 - du Toit, Ben A1 - Kahle, Hans-Peter T1 - Agroforestry: An Appropriate and Sustainable Response to a Changing Climate in Southern Africa? T2 - Sustainability N2 - Agroforestry is often discussed as a strategy that can be used both for the adaptation to and the mitigation of climate change effects. The climate of southern Africa is predicted to be severely affected by such changes. With agriculture noted as the continent’s largest economic sector, issues such as food security and land degradation are in the forefront. In the light of such concerns we review the current literature to investigate if agroforestry systems (AFS) are a suitable response to the challenges besetting traditional agricultural caused by a changing climate. The benefits bestowed by AFS are multiple, offering ecosystem services, influence over crop production and positive impacts on rural livelihoods through provisioning and income generation. Nevertheless, knowledge gaps remain. We identify outstanding questions requiring further investigation such as the interplay between trees and crops and their combination, with a discussion of potential benefits. Furthermore, we identify deficiencies in the institutional and policy frameworks that underlie the adoption and stimulus of AFS in the southern African region. We uphold the concept that AFS remains an appropriate and sustainable response for an increased resilience against a changing climate in southern Africa for the benefit of livelihoods and multiple environmental values KW - agroforestry KW - Southern Africa Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/17/6796 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176796 VL - 12 IS - 17 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachendorf, Magnus A1 - Schloz, Mona A1 - Küppers, Manfred A1 - Güney, Aylin A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Wintertime photosynthesis and spring recovery of Ilex Aquifolium L. T2 - iForest Biogeosciences and Forestry N2 - Former studies using the chlorophyll fluorescence technique on evergreen Ilex aquifolium L. showed that its photosynthetic potential for electron transport in winter recovers quickly when exposed to more favorable conditions. Since little is known, however, about its photosynthetic carbon gain in winter, we investigated its leaf gas exchange over an entire winter and spring period. Measurements were made rotationally in the field and in the laboratory to also investigate if I. aquifolium profits from warmer phases during winter in terms of net carbon gain. From the end of autumn until the end of spring, three different climate-driven phases of photosynthetic responses could be distinguished: first, an acclimation phase which lasted until February and was characterized by a gradually decreasing light-saturated gross photosynthesis (Amax(gross)), decreasing apparent quantum yield of CO₂-assimilation (ɸi) and a decreasing ability of these parameters to recover overnight inside the laboratory. At the same time, maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) could fully regenerate. In this phase, single warmer days had a positive effect on carbon assimilation. Second, a phase of relatively constant but low photosynthesis which was virtually unaffected by temperature, lasting for almost two months occurred. Here, Amax(gross) and ɸi had lost their ability to recover from winter conditions in the field, while Fv/Fm was much less affected. I. aquifolium was still able to conduct positive light-saturated net photosynthesis at a leaf temperature of -0.5°C, but during this time it could not profit from milder temperatures in terms of carbon gain. Third, a phase of increasing photosynthesis (spring recovery) occurred, starting in March when the 5-day average temperature was above 5°C and radiation in the field increased, and where all parameters slowly recovered from winter depressions. Our findings show that I. aquifolium is photosynthetically active over the whole winter, even at temperatures around 0°C. In terms of carbon gain, however, I. aquifolium does not profit from warmer phases during winter, despite the fast recovery seen in chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2983-012 SN - 1971-7458 VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 389 EP - 396 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Howell, Armin A1 - Tucker, Colin A1 - Grote, Ed A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Belnap, Jayne A1 - Kast, Gerhard A1 - Weber, Bettina A1 - Reed, Sasha C. T1 - Manufacturing Simple and Inexpensive Soil Surface Temperature and Gravimetric Water Content Sensors T2 - Journal of Visualized Experiments N2 - Quantifying temperature and moisture at the soil surface is essential for understanding how soil surface biota responds to changes in its environment. However, at the soil surface these variables are highly dynamic and standard sensors do not explicitly measure temperature or moisture in the upper few millimeters of the soil profile. This manuscript describes methods for manufacturing simple, inexpensive sensors that simultaneously measure the temperature and moisture of the upper 5 mm of the soil surface. In addition to sensor construction, steps for quality control, as well as for calibration for various substrates, are explained. The sensors incorporate a Type E thermocouple to measure temperature and assess soil moisture by measuring the resistance between two gold-plated metal probes at the end of the sensor at a depth of 5 mm. The methods presented here can be altered to customize probes for different depths or substrates. These sensors have been effective in a variety of environments and have endured months of heavy rains in tropical forests as well as intense solar radiation in deserts of the southwestern U.S. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of these sensors for evaluating warming, drying, and freezing of the soil surface in a global change experiment. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3791/60308 SN - 1940-087X VL - 154 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Sheppard, Jonathan P. A1 - Abdulai, Issaka A1 - Ayisi, Kwabena K. A1 - Borrass, Lars A1 - Chirwa, Paxie W. A1 - Funk, Roger ED - Maltitz, Graham P. von ED - Midgley, Guy F. ED - Veitch, Jennifer ED - Brümmer, Christian ED - Rötter, Reimund P. ED - Viehberg, Finn A. ED - Veste, Maik T1 - The Need for Sustainable Agricultural Land-Use Systems: Benefits from Integrated Agroforestry Systems T2 - Sustainability of Southern African Ecosystems under Global Change N2 - This chapter introduces the different agroforestry systems (AFSs) as part of the diversification of agricultural landscapes and gives examples of their use in different related crop production systems in southern Africa. The introduction of trees into agriculture has several benefits and can mitigate the effects of climate change. For example nitrogen-fixing trees and shrubs contribute significantly to nutrient recycling and benefit soil conservation, which is particularly important for smallholder farms. In addition, shelterbelts play an important role in reducing wind speeds, and thus, evapotranspiration, and modifying the microclimatic conditions, which is an important factor for the adaptation of cropping systems to climate change. These integrated AFS landscapes provide important ecosystem services for soil protection, food security and for biodiversity. However, deficiencies in the institutional and policy frameworks that underlie the adoption and stimulus of AFS in the southern African region were identified. Furthermore, the following factors must be considered to optimise AFS: (1) selection of tree species that ensure maximum residual soil fertility beyond 3 years, (2) size of land owned by the farmer, (3) integrated nutrition management, where organic resources are combined with synthetic inorganic fertilisers and (4) tree-crop competition in the root zone for water. KW - Tree - crop competition KW - Agroforestry KW - Agriculture KW - Shelterbelt KW - Windbreak KW - SPACES II Y1 - 2024 UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-10948-5_21 SN - 978-3-031-10947-8 SN - 978-3-031-10948-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10948-5_21 SP - 587 EP - 623 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rötter, Reimund P. A1 - Nkomo, Mandla A1 - Meyer zu Drewer, Johannes A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Maltitz, Graham P. von ED - Midgley, Guy F. ED - Veitch, Jennifer ED - Brümmer, Christian ED - Viehberg, Finn A. ED - Veste, Maik T1 - Agricultural Land-Use Systems and Management Challenges T2 - Sustainability of Southern African Ecosystems under Global Change N2 - This chapter aims at providing an overview of the diversity of agroecological conditions, features of main farming systems, agricultural land use, its dynamics and drivers during the last two decades as well as major threats in ten countries of southern Africa (SA10). Based on this, we attempt to identify the resultant challenges for sustainable land management and outline potential interventions with a focus on smallholder farmers. By analyzing cropland dynamics during 2000–2019, we show how land use has been shaped by climate, demographic development, economic imperatives and policy realities. Concrete examples of these complex interactions illustrate both considerable shrinkage in South Africa and Zimbabwe or expansion of cropland in Mozambique and Zambia. During the past 20 years, cropland increased by 37% on average across SA10 mainly at the expense of forestland—showing huge spatiotemporal heterogeneity among countries. Most smallholders face shrinking farm size and other resource limitations that have resulted in soil nutrient mining and low agricultural productivity—a highly unsustainable situation. We conclude with an outlook on potential transformation pathways (“TechnoGarden” and “AdaptiveMosaic”) for the near future and thereby provide a frame for further studies on sustainable land management options under given local settings. KW - Agroecology KW - Climate Change KW - Southern Africa KW - SPACES II Y1 - 2024 UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-10948-5_20 SN - 978-3-031-10947-8 SN - 978-3-031-10948-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10948-5_20 SP - 551 EP - 586 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maltitz, Graham P. von A1 - Bieri, Mari A1 - Midgley, Guy F. A1 - Veitch, Jennifer A1 - Brümmer, Christian A1 - Rötter, Reimund P. A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Maltitz, Graham P. von ED - Midgley, Guy F. ED - Veitch, Jennifer ED - Brümmer, Christian ED - Rötter, Reimund P. ED - Viehberg, Finn A. ED - Veste, Maik T1 - Coupled Earth System and Human Processes: An Introduction to SPACES and the Book T2 - Sustainability of Southern African Ecosystems under Global Change N2 - Ecosystems in southern Africa are threatened by numerous global change forces, with climate change being a major threat to the region. Many climate change impacts and environmental-based mitigation and adaptation options remain poorly researched in this globally important biodiversity hotspot. This book is a collection of chapters covering research undertaken in southern Africa by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research’s (BMBF) SPACES and SPACES II programs. SPACES II covered a wide range of global change-linked environmental issues ranging in scope from the impacts of ocean currents on global climate systems through to understanding how small-scale farmers may best adapt to the impacts of climate change. All the research has identified policy implications, and the book strives for a balance between presenting the detailed science underpinning the conclusions as well as providing clear and simple policy messages. To achieve this, many chapters in the book contextualize the issues through the provision of a mini-review and combine this with the latest science emulating out of the SPACES II program of research. The book therefore consolidated both past and the most current research findings in a way that will be of benefit to both academia and policy makers. KW - Southern Africa KW - Ecosystem Research KW - Ecology KW - Conservation Biology KW - Climate Change Y1 - 2024 UR - https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-10948-5 SN - 978-3-031-10947-8 SN - 978-3-031-10948-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10948-5 SP - 3 EP - 21 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maltitz, Graham P. von A1 - Midgley, Guy F. A1 - Veitch, Jennifer A1 - Brümmer, Christian A1 - Rötter, Reimund P. A1 - Rixen, Tim A1 - Brandt, Peter A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Maltitz, Graham P. von ED - Midgley, Guy F. ED - Veitch, Jennifer ED - Brümmer, Christian ED - Rötter, Reimund P. ED - Viehberg, Finn A. ED - Veste, Maik T1 - Synthesis and Outlook on Future Research and Scientific Education in Southern Africa T2 - Sustainability of Southern African Ecosystems under Global Change N2 - The sustainability of southern Africa’s natural and managed marine and terrestrial ecosystems is threatened by overuse, mismanagement, population pressures, degradation, and climate change. Counteracting unsustainable development requires a deep understanding of earth system processes and how these are affected by ongoing and anticipated global changes. This information must be translated into practical policy and management interventions. Climate models project that the rate of terrestrial warming in southern Africa is above the global terrestrial average. Moreover, most of the region will become drier. Already there is evidence that climate change is disrupting ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. This is likely to continue in the foreseeable future, but impacts can be partly mitigated through urgent implementation of appropriate policy and management interventions to enhance resilience and sustainability of the ecosystems. The recommendations presented in the previous chapters are informed by a deepened scientific understanding of the relevant earth system processes, but also identify research and knowledge gaps. Ongoing disciplinary research remains critical, but needs to be complemented with cross-disciplinary and transdisciplinary research that can integrate across temporal and spatial scales to give a fuller understanding of not only individual components of the complex earth-system, but how they interact. KW - Southern Africa KW - Marine Ecosystems KW - Biomes KW - BMBF KW - SPACES II Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-10947-8 SN - 978-3-031-10948-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10948-5_32 SP - 933 EP - 964 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seitz, Steffen A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Bryophyte-lichens dominated biological soil crusts affect soils and ecohydrology in temperate forests in Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria & Online | 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Forest dieback can be both a consequence and a cause of climate change. The changing climate does not only lead to temperature increases but also changes in the precipitation regime. Extreme events have increased sharply in recent years, making drought and heat waves ubiquitous. Meanwhile, for temperate forests, drought stress is considered one of the most serious impacts of climate change. In this context, forest soils are of great importance in their hydrological functions, as well as their feedbacks with ground vegetation. In this context, biological soil crusts are key drivers of functional processes and ecosystem development, also under forest, where they have been less studied so far. Bryophyte and lichen dominated communities can importantly affect e.g. water storage and discharge as well as soil development and stabilization. Moreover, they contribute to carbon and nitrogen cycling and play an important role in biogeochemical processes. Their species composition depends on soil properties such as texture and pH, on microclimate and as poikilohydric plants, their ecophysiology is strongly dependent on water availability, differing in time and space. KW - Biological soil crusts KW - ecohydrology KW - forests Y1 - 2022 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-12352.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-12352 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Growth vulnerability of hybrid-poplar and black locust to prospective climatic changes T2 - 4th World Congress on Agroforestry: Strengthening links between science, society and policy. 20-22 May 2019, Montpellier, France N2 - In Brandenburg, eastern Germany, prospective climate changes imply extreme weather events, increasing annual temperature, and decreasing summer precipitation. Since alley-cropping systems (ACS) have a broad planning horizon, appraising their sustainability and efficiency under changing climate conditions is crucial for forthcoming risk assessments and adaptation scenarios. Consequently, this combined experimental and simulation study investigated the growth vulnerability of poplar clone “Max I” (Populus nigra L. x P. maximowiczii Henry) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) short rotation coppices in an ACS established in Brandenburg to a considerable spectrum of weather conditions and long term climate change, from 2015 to the end of 2054. The investigation employed (i) Yield-SAFE, a biophysical, process-based model to simulate the above-ground tree woody biomass and (ii) 100 realisations of the statistical regional climate model STAR 2K. In the most optimistic sequence of events pertaining to air temperature, precipitation, and global radiation, 35% more woody biomass would be achieved by poplar and 43% by black locust in the last period compared to the base period. Alternatively, in the most pessimistic circumstances, 54% less woody biomass would be rendered by poplar and 47% by black locust. Our findings corroborated the tree growth vulnerability to prospective climatic changes, particularly to changes in water availability. KW - Climatic impacts, Poplar, Black locust, Biomass, Yield-SAFE Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.alphavisa.com/agroforestry/2019/documents/Agroforestry2019-Book-of-Abstract-v1.pdf UR - https://agroforestry2019.cirad.fr/replay/book-of-abstracts SP - 65 EP - 65 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Gypser, Stella T1 - Ökologische Funktionen und Dienstleistungen biologischer Bodenkrusten in Offenlandschaften - Fluch oder Segen? T2 - GfÖ 2019, Science Meets Practice, 49th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, university of Münster, 9-13 September 2019 N2 - Initiale und nährstoffarme Ökosysteme wie Grasländer und Offenlandschaften haben aus Sicht des Naturschutzes einen hohen Wert für die Landschaft und sind in der intensiv genutzten Kulturlandschaft Mitteleuropas selten geworden. Gerade Bergbaufolgelandschaften, aber auch gestörte Binnendünen, bieten Potenzial für die Entwicklung von initialen Lebensräumen und Landschaften. Die obersten Millimeter der Bodenoberfläche dieser Ökosysteme werden durch Biokrusten besiedelt. Gebildet werden diese komplexen Lebensgemeinschaften aus einer Vielzahl von Cyanobakterien, Grünalgen, Moosen, Pilzen, Bakterien und Flechten. Diese Organismen „verkleben“ die Bodenoberfläche und beeinflussen als „Ökosystem en miniature“ maßgeblich die ökosystemaren Prozesse und die weitere Vegetationsentwicklung. Der Eintrag von C und N sowie die Akkumulation von organischem Material fördert die Bodenentwicklung in der initialen Phase. Während der Sukzession der Biokrusten entwickeln sich die komplexen biotischen Prozesse des N-Kreislaufes mit Rückkopplungen auf die Nährstoffversorgung. Ausgeschiedene Exopolysaccharide, die eine Verbindung mit den Bodenpartikeln eingehen, verkleinern nach Regen den Porenraum der Bodenoberfläche und vermindern die Infiltration. Besonders Moos- und Flechten-Krusten unterbinden bei geringen Niederschlagsintensitäten die Infiltration in tiefere Bodenschichten. Konkurrenz und die großflächige Versiegelung der Bodenoberfläche haben zudem negative Auswirkungen auf die Keimung und Etablierung von höheren Pflanzen. Diese biotischen Interaktionen führen bei gesteuerten Sukzessionen auf Renaturierungsflächen zu Änderungen der Vegetationsentwicklung. Somit wird die Bedeutung der Biokrusten für die Renaturierungsökologie z.T. kontrovers diskutiert. Klein- und großräumige Störungen hingegen sind als integraler Bestandteil der Ökosystementwicklung einzuschließen. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.gfoe-conference.de/WEBS/GFOe2019.pages.download/Book_of_Abstracts2019.pdf SP - 166 CY - Münster ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Mirck, Jaconette A1 - Schmitt, Dieter A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Kage, Henning ED - Sieling, K. ED - Francke-Weltmann, L. T1 - Agroforstliche Nutzungsstrategien zur Sicherung der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion im Kontext steigender Urbanisierung und den Folgen des Klimawandels T2 - Anfoerungen an den Pflanzenbau in einer sich urbanisierenden Welt, 60. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften e.V., 26. bis 28. September 2017, Witzenhausen N2 - Derzeit lebt mehr als die Hälfte der Weltbevölkerung in Städten, Tendenz weiter steigend. Die Sicherstellung der Versorgung dieser Menschen mit Nahrungsmitteln wird künftig den Druck auf die Landwirtschaft in ländlichen Gebieten weiter erhöhen. Die Nahrungsmittelproduktion wird dabei stärker als zuvor durch das Umweltbewusstsein der Verbraucher einerseits und andererseits durch die Verminderung landwirtschaftlicher Produktionsfläche zugunsten der Stadtentwicklung beeinflusst werden (Vira et al. 2015). Die Folgen des Klimawandels (u.a. reduzierte Wasserverfügbarkeit, höheren Verdunstung, Zunahme von Witterungsextremen) werden zu Ertragsschwankungen führen (EEA 2017) und so die Landwirtschaft vor neue Herausforderungen stellen. Dies gilt vor allem für ertragsschwächere Standorte mit einem hohen Risiko für klimawandelbedingte Witterungseinflüsse. Vor diesem Hintergrund kann die agroforstliche Landnutzung, durch eine höhere Adaptionsfähigkeit gegenüber der Klimavariabilität (Kanzler et al. 2016) und der Möglichkeit zur ökologischen Aufwertung von Ackerflächen, aktiv zu einer stabilen, leistungsfähigen Landwirtschaft beitragen. Der folgende Beitrag widmet sich Untersuchungsergebnissen aus der Vegetationsperiode 2017 zum Mikroklima auf einem agroforstlich genutzten Ackerstandort in der Lausitz, Brandenburg. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.gpw.uni-kiel.de/de/jahrestagung/tagungsbaende/tagungsband-2017 SP - 54 EP - 55 PB - Liddy Halm CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Novák, Martin ED - Krám, Pavel ED - Stepánová, M. T1 - Biological soil crusts as driver for ecosystem structures and functions on reclaimed post-mining sites in Lower Lusatia, Germany T2 - 9th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior BIOGEOMON, Litomysl, Czech Republic, August 20-24, 2017 Y1 - 2017 UR - http://www.biogeomon.cz/documents/Abstracts.pdf SP - 33 EP - 34 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Impact of biocrust succession on water retention and repellency on open-cast lignite mining sites under reclamation in Lower Lusatia, NE-Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - Mining activities can strongly affect ecosystem properties by destruction of naturally developed soils and removal of vegetation. The unstructured substrates show high bulk densities, compaction, low water infiltration rates, reduced water holding capacities and higher susceptibility to wind and water erosion. In the initial stage of the ecosystem development, the post-mining sites are open areas without or with a low cover of higher vegetation. It is well-known that biocrusts are able to colonize the soil surface under such extreme conditions without human support and affect soil hydrological processes such as water infiltration, run-off or re-distribution. Investigations were conducted on two former lignite open-cast mining sites, an artificial sand dune on the reclaimed watershedWelzow “Neuer Lugteich” and a reforestation area in Schlabendorf (Brandenburg, north-east Germany). The aim was to relate the hydrological characteristics of the topsoil to successional stages of biological soil crusts on reclaimed soils and their influence on repellency index and water holding capacity compared to pure mining substrate. Our study emphasized the influence of changing successional stages and species composition of biological soil crusts, forming a small-scale crust pattern, on water repellency and retention on sandy soils in temperate climate. Different successional stages of soil crusts were identified from initial scattered green algae crusts, dominated by Zygogonium spec. and Ulothrix spec., and more developed soil crusts containing mosses such as Ceratodon purpureus and Polytrichum piliferum. Lichens of the Genus Cladonia were more pronouncedly contributed to biocrusts at later and mature stages of development. The repellency index on the one hand increased due to the cross-linking of sand particles by the filamentous green algae Zygogonium spec. which resulted in clogging of pores, and on the other hand decreased with the occurrence of moss plants due to absorption caused by bryophytes. The determination of the water retention curves showed an increase of the water holding capacity, especially in conjunction with the growth of green algae layer. The absorption capacity of soil crust biota as well as a decreased pore diameter in the green algae layers positively affected the water retention of crusted soil compared to pure substrate. The occurrence of bryophytes with later succession weakened the repellent behavior of the biocrusts, increased infiltration, and might have affected the run-off at small-scale on biocrusts. Certainly, the biological soil crusts showed water repellent properties but no distinctive hydrophobic characteristics. On both locations, similar trends of water repellency and retention related to crustal formation were observed, in spite of different relief, reclamation time and inhomogeneous distribution of crustal organisms. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-7015.pdf N1 - EGU2016-7015 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Mirck, Jaconette A1 - Schmitt, Dieter A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Kage, Henning ED - Sieling, K. ED - Francke-Weltmann, L. T1 - Agroforstliche Landnutzung als Anpassungsstrategie an den Klimawandel T2 - Klimawandel und Qualität, Kurzfassungen der Vorträge und Poster, 59. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften e.V., 27. bis 29. September 2016, Gießen N2 - Der parallele Anbau von Ackerfrüchten und Agrarholz in Agroforstsystemen führt zu einer ökologischen Aufwertung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche und hat auch positive Auswirkungen auf das Mikroklima zwischen den Gehölzstreifen. Bei streifenförmigen Agroforstsystemen (Alley Cropping) in Brandenburg konnte eine deutliche Reduktion der Windgeschwindigkeit und von Temperaturextremen sowie ein Anstieg der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit beobachtet werden (Böhm et al. 2014, Kanzler et al. 2015). Eine Reduzierung der Windgeschwindigkeit führt zudem zu einer Minderung der potentiellen Evaporation. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, wie sich diese Veränderungen kleinräumig auf die gemessene Evaporation und auf die Produktivität der Ackerkulturen auswirken. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://www.gpw.uni-kiel.de/de/jahrestagung/tagungsbaende/tagungsband-2016/at_download/file SP - 126 EP - 127 PB - Verlag Liddy Halm CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Jeltsch, Florian ED - Joshi, Jasmin T1 - Biomass production in agro-­‐systems: Is black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) the right choice? T2 - GfÖ 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany N2 - Currently, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is an important tree species in Central and Eastern Europe for the production of biomass in short-rotation plantations. Being a ruderal species and relatively drought tolerant compared to other broad leaf trees, its use in agroforestry systems will increase. That is particularly true for marginal landscapes characterized by adverse edaphic conditions, where the soil water availability is limited and in summer drought can occur. Several studies have been carried out on the subject of the black locust primary production; however there are still open questions associated with its water consumption and the biomass production, in relation to the soil water availability. In order to investigate the soil-plant-atmosphere system interactions, in our studies the links between the growth rate, water use efficiency and the ecophysiological response have been examined in a two year lysimeter experiment. The two years old black locust plants were selected from a recultivated post-mining area (Welzow Süd, Lusatia, Brandenburg) and established in a 100 L wicked lysimeter, installed under a light transmissive roof to avoid uncontrolled water input. During the first vegetation period, the trees were maintained constantly under three different soil moisture regimes (well-watered, moderate, drought), in relation to the hydrostatic state of the lysimeters. For the second vegetation period instead, the plants were subjected to two different irrigation cycles (long term drought stress, short term drought stress), in relation of the drought stress and recovering time duration. The results were satisfactory. At whole plant level the water use efficiency, the growth rate under different soil moisture conditions and the morphological adaptation to drought condition were assessed. In addition, at leaf level we elucidated the relation between the soil moisture together with the atmospheric evaporative demand and the ecophysiological performance in terms of H2O and CO2 rate variation. From the results emerged that the black locust cultivar may have a positive or negative effect on the ecosystem function, depending on the water availability of the areas in object. The tree can tolerate periods of drought by reducing its transpiration rate, yet it is not to be considered a water saving trees species in a well watered condition. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.gfoe-2013.de/download/130905_GFOe_2013_Abstracts.small.pdf SP - 28 EP - 29 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Quinkenstein, Ansgar A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Biologische Stickstoff-Fixierung der Robinie T2 - AFZ - der Wald N2 - Als Pionierbaumart besiedelt die Robinie (Robinia pseudoacacia) schnell offene Flächen und gilt im Vergleich zu anderen mitteleuropäischen Baumarten als relativ gut angepasst an trockene Standorte mit lockeren Böden. Sie gehört zu den wenigen Baumarten Mitteleuropas, die zur biologischen Stickstoff-Fixierung (BNF) befähigt sind. In dieser Studie soll der jährliche Eintrag von Stickstoff (N) aus der biologischen N-Fixierung der Robinie in Kurzumtriebsplantagen und Agroforstsystemen abgeschätzt werden. Y1 - 2013 IS - 2 SP - 40 EP - 42 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Halke, Christian A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Lebzien, Stefan A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Jeltsch, Florian ED - Joshi, Jasmin T1 - Yield, transpiration and growth of the new bioenergy crop IGNISCUM Candy under different water regimes T2 - GfÖ 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany N2 - There is a growing global need to produce more energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. One possible source of renewable energy in parts of Europe is the use of crop for bioenergy production. Currently, maize dominates the biogas production. For a diversified production of substrates alternative crops needs to be evaluated for their sustainable utilization and ecological integration into agro-systems. The new bioenergy plants IGNISCUM Candy and IGNISCUM Basic are cultivars of the Sakhalin Knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis, Fam. Polygonaceae), which are characterized by a high annual biomass production. Information on the crop production of this species is rare. Hence, understanding plant response to the combinations of water and nutrients availability is crucial for the development of sustainable plant production. In greenhouse experiments we investigate the interrelations between nutrient supply, biomass production, and plant ecophysiology. For the determination of yield-transpiration relations at whole plant level we used a wick lysimeter system, which allows us to study plant growth under controlled water regimes and to calculate the plant transpiration. The irrigation is supplied by an automatic drip irrigation system and computer-controlled in relation to the volumetric soil water content. Four different water treatments associated to the SWC range from well-watered to drought stressed plants. The influence of plant sizes on plant water use was investigated under different nitrogen supply. The fertilizer applied is calcium ammonium nitrate (N) and the rates for the four treatments are 0, 50, 100, 150 kg N/ha at the beginning of the growing season. Plant transpiration is calculated on the basis of water input, storage and drainage in weekly intervals. The cumulative transpiration of the plants during the growing season is between 49 L (drought stressed) and 141 L (well-watered) per plant, respectively. We calculated a transpiration coefficient of 525 Liters per kg dry biomass. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.gfoe-2013.de/download/130905_GFOe_2013_Abstracts.small.pdf SP - 32 EP - 33 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Fritsch, Simone ED - Jeltsch, Florian ED - Joshi, Jasmin T1 - Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) root growth response to different irrigation regimes T2 - GfÖ 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany N2 - Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a pioneer tree species native from North America. Its original range is a climatic region classified as humid to sub-humid, with a mean annual precipitation of 1020 to 1830 mm. However, it grows under a wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions and the species has proven to be relatively drought tolerant. In central Europe, with a continental climate, the species has been successfully cropped for biomass production also on marginal land, even in post-­‐mining areas characterized by water limitation and harsh edaphic conditions. Due its drought tolerance, fast resprouting rate and its ability to live in symbiosis with Rhizobia and thus fix atmospheric nitrogen, black locust could become a key species for short-­‐rotation plantation on marginal land. Several studies have been already carried out to quantify the black locust above ground production and its water use efficiency. However, the relation between the black locust biomass allocation, root system development and plant water use has still to be examined. In our study we evaluated the drought stress effect on black locust below ground biomass production, root distribution, and the root and rhizobial association. Different irrigation regimes were chosen to test the plant’s performance in a lysimeter experiment, under semi-­‐controlled environmental conditions, for the duration of two vegetation periods. From the results obtained we determined the root biomass allocation under different irrigation regimes and identified the close relation between the soil water condition and the rhizobial association. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.gfoe-2013.de/download/130905_GFOe_2013_Abstracts.small.pdf SP - 33 EP - 34 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Modified wick lysimeters for critical water use efficiency evaluation and yield crop modelling T2 - Bericht, 14. Lysimetertagung, am 3. und 4. Mai 2011 am LFZ Raumberg-Gumpenstein Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-902559-61-6 SP - 245 EP - 248 PB - LFZ Raumberg-Gumpenstein CY - Irdning ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dilly, Oliver A1 - Nii-Annang, Seth A1 - Schrautzer, J. A1 - Schwartze, P. A1 - Breuer, P. A1 - Pfeiffer, Eva-Maria A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Müller, Felix ED - Baessler, Cornelia ED - Schubert, Hendrik ED - Klotz, Stefan T1 - Ecosystem Manipulation and Restoration on the Basis of Long-Term Conceptions T2 - Long-Term Ecological Research Between Theory and Application Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-90-481-8781-2 SP - 411 EP - 428 PB - Springer Netherlands CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Quinkenstein, Ansgar A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Wolters, Volkmar ED - Groh, J. ED - Peter, F. ED - Waldhardt, R. T1 - Biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by Robinia pseudoacacia L. in short-rotation plantations on post-mining sites in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, NE Germany) T2 - Book of abstracts, The Future of Biodiversity: Genes, Species, Ecosystems Y1 - 2010 N1 - 40th Anniversary Conference Gesellschaft für Ökologie, August 30th to September 03rd, 2010, Giessen SP - S. 313 PB - GfÖ CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Yair, Aaron A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Structures and processes of biological soil crusts during initial ecosystem genesis of an artificial watershed in Lusatia, NE Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 N1 - EGU2010-4129 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Fischer, A. A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang ED - Ukonmaanaho, Liisa ED - Nieminen, Tiina Maileena ED - Starr, Michael T1 - Monitoring of ecosystem patterns and processes in an artificial catchment in Lusatia, Germany T2 - 6th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour BIOGEOMON 2009 Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2009/mwp128.pdf SN - 978-951-40-2177-0 SP - S. 84 PB - Finnish Forest Research Institute CY - Vantaa, Finland ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Fischer, A. A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang T1 - The "Point Zero": Monitoring of biogeochemical patterns and processes in an artificial ecosystem (Lusatia, Germany) T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-5292 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Fischer, A. A1 - Winter, S. A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Holzheu, Stefan ED - Thies, B. T1 - Development of an initial ecosystem - II. Vegetation dynamics and soil pattern in an artificial water catchment in Lusatia, NE Germany T2 - GfÖ 2009: Dimensions of ecology - From global change to molecular ecology Y1 - 2009 SP - S. 124 PB - Bayreuther Zentrum für Ökologie und Umweltforschung (BayCEER) Selbstverlag CY - Bayreuth ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seiffert, Thomas A1 - Nenov, Rossen A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Holzheu, Stefan ED - Thies, B. T1 - Microdrone-based photogrammetry for water catchment monitoring T2 - Dimensions of ecology - from global change to molecular ecology, (GfÖ) 39th annual conference, University of Bayreuth, 14th - 18th September 2009 Y1 - 2009 SP - S. 129 PB - Bayreuther Zentrum für Ökologie und Umweltforschung (BayCEER) Selbstverlag CY - Bayreuth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid A1 - Zeyer, Josef A1 - Munch, Jean Charles A1 - Grünewald, Uwe A1 - Pretzsch, Hans A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment T2 - Plant Life in an Extreme and Changing Environment, Book of Abstracts T2 - Pflanzenleben in extremer und sich ändernder Umwelt Y1 - 2008 UR - http://www.desertconsult.de/PDF/initial_ecosystem2008.pdf N1 - Meeting of the Specialist Groups "Desert Ecology" and "Experimental Ecology" of the Society of Ecology (GfÖ)in Cooperation with German Society of Limnology (DGL) Tharandt, Germany, March 31 – April 2, 2008 SP - 89 EP - 90 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Biemelt, Detlef T1 - Monitoring of Soil-Plant-Atmosphere patterns and processes in an artificial catchment T2 - EGU General Assembly 2008, Wien Y1 - 2008 N1 - EGU2008-A-01047 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER -